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Distinct pathways for removal of defective RNA polymerase II transcription complexes at a promoter-proximal pause checkpoint [RN21114 Ttchemn-Seq]

ABSTRACT: The purpose and function of Integrator and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) promoter-proximal pausing remain uncertain. Here, we show that when Integrator function is compromised by loss of INTS6, RNAPII interacts increasingly with proteins from alternative pathways for its DNA dissociation, including CUL3-ARMC5 (CRL3ARMC5), which ubiquitylates Ser5-phosphorylated Rpb1 and targets it for degradation. ARMC5-dependent RNAPII ubiquitylation is activated by defects in factors required for correctly regulated promoter-proximal pausing, including Integrator, DSIF and mRNA capping enzyme. This ARMC5 checkpoint curtails an appreciable fraction of RNAPII transcription, with ARMC5 knockout cells producing uncapped, nascent RNA transcripts that fail to mature into stable mRNA. Concomitant loss of INTS6 and ARMC5 greatly stabilizes RNAPII at the pause and has severe consequences for cell growth and viability. Our data support a model in which CRL3ARMC5 functions alongside Integrator in a checkpoint mechanism that removes faulty RNAPII complexes at promoter-proximal pause sites to safeguard transcription integrity.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE253353 | GEO | 2024/11/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Distinct pathways for removal of defective RNA polymerase II transcription complexes at a promoter-proximal pause checkpointm [RN21236 dTAG TTchem-seq]

Project description:The purpose and function of Integrator and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) promoter-proximal pausing remain uncertain. Here, we show that when Integrator function is compromised by loss of INTS6, RNAPII interacts increasingly with proteins from alternative pathways for its DNA dissociation, including CUL3-ARMC5 (CRL3ARMC5), which ubiquitylates Ser5-phosphorylated Rpb1 and targets it for degradation. ARMC5-dependent RNAPII ubiquitylation is activated by defects in factors required for correctly regulated promoter-proximal pausing, including Integrator, DSIF and mRNA capping enzyme. This ARMC5 checkpoint curtails an appreciable fraction of RNAPII transcription, with ARMC5 knockout cells producing uncapped, nascent RNA transcripts that fail to mature into stable mRNA. Concomitant loss of INTS6 and ARMC5 greatly stabilizes RNAPII at the pause and has severe consequences for cell growth and viability. Our data support a model in which CRL3ARMC5 functions alongside Integrator in a checkpoint mechanism that removes faulty RNAPII complexes at promoter-proximal pause sites to safeguard transcription integrity.

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Project description:RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) promoter-proximal pausing is an early step in the transcription cycle, which occurs alongside important events such as mRNA capping. Here, we identify a ubiquitin ligase complex, CUL3-ARMC5 (CRL3ARMC5) which is required for targeting promotor-proximally paused RNAPII for degradation. While a basal level of ARMC5-dependent RNAPII ubiquitylation/degradation occurs even in unperturbed cells, depletion of proteins regulating promoter-proximal pausing results in markedly increased ubiquitylation. We suggest that such RNAPII ubiquitylation/degradation serves as a “last resort” pathway for removing inept polymerases at a promoter-proximal pause checkpoint to avoid their release for unproductive transcript elongation. In agreement with this idea, ARMC5 knockout cells display increased levels of nascent transcription but with pre-mRNAs exhibiting capping defects. Together, our findings support a model in which promoter-proximal pausing functions as a transcription cycle checkpoint and indicate broad role for the CRL3ARMC5 ligase in RNAPII poly-ubiquitylation and degradation.

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A PP2A-Integrator complex fine-tunes transcription by opposing CDK9

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