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Prior influenza infection mitigates SARS-CoV-2 disease in Syrian hamsters

ABSTRACT: Seasonal infection rates of individual viruses are influenced by synergistic or inhibitory interactions between coincident viruses. Endemic patterns of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection overlap seasonally in the Northern hemisphere and may be similarly influenced. We explored the immunopathologic basis of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) interactions in Syrian hamsters. H1N1 given 48 hours prior to SARS-CoV-2 profoundly mitigated weight loss and lung pathology compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. This was accompanied by normalization of granulocyte dynamics and accelerated antigen presenting populations in bronchoalveolar lavage and blood. Using nasal transcriptomics, we identified rapid upregulation of innate and antiviral pathways induced by H1N1 by the time of SARS-CoV-2 inoculation in 48 hour dual infected animals. Dual infected animals also experienced significant transient downregulation of mitochondrial and viral replication pathways. By quantitative RT-PCR, we confirmed reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load and lower cytokine levels throughout disease course in lung of dual infected animals. Our data confirm that H1N1 infection induces rapid and transient gene expression that is associated with mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary disease. These protective responses are likely to begin in the upper respiratory tract shortly after infection. On a population level, interaction between these two viruses may influence their relative seasonal infection rates.

ORGANISM(S): Mesocricetus auratus

PROVIDER: GSE254516 | GEO | 2024/02/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Fribourg2014 - Dynamics of viral antagonism and innate immune response (H1N1 influenza A virus - Cal/09) The dynamics of the interplay between the viral antagonism and the innate immune response has been studied using modelling approaches. The responses of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells infected by two influenza A H1N1 strains (the pandemic swine-origin A/California/4/2009 (Cal/09) and the seasonal A/New Caledonia/20/1999 (NC/99)) that have different clinical outcomes have been modelled. From the time course gene expression measurements of a set of selected genes, the dynamic features of viral antagonism and innate immune response are extracted. It is found that the strength and the time scale of action of viral antagonism is significantly different between the two viruses. This model describes the viral infection by seasonal Cal/09. This model is described in the article: Model of influenza A virus infection: Dynamics of viral antagonism and innate immune response. Fribourg M, Hartmann B, Schmolke M, Marjanovic N, Albrecht RA, García-Sastre A, Sealfon SC, Jayaprakash C, Hayot F. J Theor Biol. 2014 Mar 2;351C:47-57. Abstract: Viral antagonism of host responses is an essential component of virus pathogenicity. The study of the interplay between immune response and viral antagonism is challenging due to the involvement of many processes acting at multiple time scales. Here we develop an ordinary differential equation model to investigate the early, experimentally measured, responses of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells to infection by two H1N1 influenza A viruses of different clinical outcomes: pandemic A/California/4/2009 and seasonal A/New Caledonia/20/1999. Our results reveal how the strength of virus antagonism, and the time scale over which it acts to thwart the innate immune response, differs significantly between the two viruses, as is made clear by their impact on the temporal behavior of a number of measured genes. The model thus sheds light on the mechanisms that underlie the variability of innate immune responses to different H1N1 viruses. This model is hosted on BioModels Database and identified by: MODEL1403310002. To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models. To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information.

Project description:Fribourg2014 - Dynamics of viral antagonism and innate immune response (H1N1 influenza A virus - NC/99) The dynamics of the interplay between the viral antagonism and the innate immune response has been studied using modelling approaches. The responses of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells infected by two influenza A H1N1 strains (the pandemic swine-origin A/California/4/2009 (Cal/09) and the seasonal A/New Caledonia/20/1999 (NC/99)) that have different clinical outcomes have been modelled. From the time course gene expression measurements of a set of selected genes, the dynamic features of viral antagonism and innate immune response are extracted. It is found that the strength and the time scale of action of viral antagonism is significantly different between the two viruses. This model describes the viral infection by seasonal NC/99. This model is described in the article: Model of influenza A virus infection: Dynamics of viral antagonism and innate immune response. Fribourg M, Hartmann B, Schmolke M, Marjanovic N, Albrecht RA, García-Sastre A, Sealfon SC, Jayaprakash C, Hayot F. J Theor Biol. 2014 Mar 2;351C:47-57. Abstract: Viral antagonism of host responses is an essential component of virus pathogenicity. The study of the interplay between immune response and viral antagonism is challenging due to the involvement of many processes acting at multiple time scales. Here we develop an ordinary differential equation model to investigate the early, experimentally measured, responses of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells to infection by two H1N1 influenza A viruses of different clinical outcomes: pandemic A/California/4/2009 and seasonal A/New Caledonia/20/1999. Our results reveal how the strength of virus antagonism, and the time scale over which it acts to thwart the innate immune response, differs significantly between the two viruses, as is made clear by their impact on the temporal behavior of a number of measured genes. The model thus sheds light on the mechanisms that underlie the variability of innate immune responses to different H1N1 viruses. This model is hosted on BioModels Database and identified by: MODEL1403310001. To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models. To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information.

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Prior influenza infection mitigates SARS-CoV-2 disease in Syrian hamsters

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