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Dental Lighting Environment Induces Disruption of the Blood-Retinal Barrier

ABSTRACT: Excessive lighting is integral to dentists' daily routines but can impair their vision, affecting personal and professional performance. Most studies focus on acute photodamage, neglecting chronic photoinjury from dental lighting and its impact on the blood-retinal barrier homeostasis. An epidemiological survey involving 14,523 individuals reveals dentists have a higher prevalence of vision-related issues compared to other occupations. Subsequently, chronic photodamage models in rats were created to accurately simulate dental working conditions. Using systematic imaging and gene analysis, including OCT, tissue clearing technology and RNA-sequencing, dental lighting was found to disrupted both inner and outer blood-retinal barriers, reduced retinal blood vessels, and promoted perivascular macrophage recruitment. Moreover, the activation of inflammatory-related pathways such as NF-κB signalling resulted in the damage of vision-related functional structures in the retina. Notably, among the three commonly used dental lighting sources, low-intensity halogen light possessed a minimal impact on the retina, while blue and white LEDs have remarkable negative effects on blood-retinal barrier homeostasis. This study explored the potential mechanism of dental lighting environment inducing the disruption of blood-retinal barrier homeostasis, and provided essential guidance for dental professionals in selecting light sources, which is conducive to reducing the risk of occupational ocular diseases among dentists.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE254856 | GEO | 2024/02/06

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The loss of cone photoreceptor cells, which are critical for optimal daylight vision, have the great impact on vision during retinal degenerations. Retinal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) sources could provide a renewable source of cone photoreceptors towards developing a cone cell replacement therapy to treat blindness. Demonstration of comparable gene expression profiles between human foetal and stem cell-derived cones at equivalent stages is required to progress the cell transplantation approach into the patient, as it is hypothesised stem cell-derived cones are required to show high levels of developmental recapitulation of the in vivo generated cones. In this study, the AAV2/9.pR2.1.GFP reporter was used to specifically label L/M-opsin cone photoreceptors in human foetal retinal samples, obtained from the MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource, at a range of developmental stages. The L/M-opsin cone population represent the majority cone cell types in the adult human retina and are the only photoreceptors present within the fovea. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting, L/M-opsin GFP+ cones and GFP- retinal populations, alongside total foetal retinal samples containing all retinal cell tytpes, were isolated and processed for bulk RNA sequencing and downstream comparative analysis. Using DESeq2 differential gene expression analyses, statistically significant genes enriched within the GFP+ human foetal LM-opsin cone populations were determined which led to the identification of a cone enriched gene signature of human L/M-opsin cone photoreceptors. The AAV2/9.pR2.1.GFP reporter was applied to hiPSC-derived retinal cultures to isolate and process cone-like cell populations for RNA sequencing using the same strategy developed within the human foetal retina. Applying the cone enriched gene signature to the transcriptome of hiPSC-derived GFP+ samples at equivalent developmental stages revealed some expression similarities in genes found to be enriched within the late foetal L/M-opsin cone photoreceptors. This analysis overall revealed an intermediate stage of cone differentiation was achieved within the hiPSC-derived samples and the comparison to human foetal L/M-opsin gene express profiles suggesting further differentiation of hiPSC-derived sample is required.

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Dental Lighting Environment Induces Disruption of the Blood-Retinal Barrier

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