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An in vivo screening platform using PDX models reveals KEAP1, USP22 and other drivers of chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACT: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by exquisite chemosensitivity followed by rapid emergence of chemoresistance. To identify genetic events that drive resistance to cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy, we conducted cDNA overexpression and CRISPR knockout screens in an in vivo platform centered on chemosensitive patient derived xenograft (PDX) models of SCLC. cDNA overexpression screens revealed MYC, MYCN and MYCL as drivers of tumor cell growth through chemotherapy. CRISPR knockout screens identified the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway and members of the SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase) complex, including the deubiquitylase USP22. We demonstrated that knockout of either KEAP1 or USP22 switches chemosensitive PDX models to become chemoresistant, with our data supporting distinct molecular consequences of each, including suppression of DNA damage signaling upon USP22 deletion. Data from the IMpower133 clinical trial revealed that a substantial proportion of SCLC patients exhibit KEAP1/NFE2L2 genetic alterations, with activation of an NRF2 transcriptional signature associated with reduced SCLC patient survival with chemotherapy.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE255095 | GEO | 2025/03/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that induces a battery of cytoprotective genes in response to oxidative/electrophilic stress. Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1) sequesters Nrf2 in the cytosol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Nrf2 in regulating the mRNA of genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes and xenobiotic transporters. Microarray analysis was performed in livers of Nrf2-null, wild-type, Keap1-knockdown mice with increased Nrf2 activation, and Keap1-hepatocyte knockout mice with maximum Nrf2 activation. In general, Nrf2 did not have a marked effect on uptake transporters, but the mRNAs of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a1, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, and organic anion transporter 2 were decreased with Nrf2 activation. The effect of Nrf2 on cytochrome P450 (Cyp) genes was minimal, with only Cyp2a5, Cyp2c50, Cyp2c54, and Cyp2g1 increased, and Cyp2u1 decreased with enhanced Nrf2 activation. However, Nrf2 increased mRNA of many other phase-I enzymes, such as aldo-keto reductases, carbonyl reductases, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. Many genes involved in phase-II drug metabolism were induced by Nrf2, including glutathione S -transferases, UDP- glucuronosyltransferases, and UDP-glucuronic acid synthesis enzymes. Efflux transporters, such as multidrug resistance-associated proteins, breast cancer resistant protein, as well as ATP-binding cassette g5 and g8 were induced by Nrf2. In conclusion, Nrf2 markedly alters hepatic mRNA of a large number of drug metabolizing enzymes and xenobiotic transporters, and thus Nrf2 plays a central role in xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression in response to Nrf2 activation and identified distinct classes of up- and down-regulated genes. process. Gene expression in livers of Nrf2-null, WT, Keap1-KD, and Keap1-HKO mice was determined using Affymetrix Mouse 430.20 arrays by the KUMC Microarray Core Facility. Biological cRNA replicates (n=3) of each genotype were hybridized to an individual array.

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An in vivo screening platform using PDX models reveals KEAP1, USP22 and other drivers of chemoresistance in small cell lung cancer

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