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TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND HORMONAL DEFENCE-GROWTH TRADEOFFS DETERMINE PLANT SURVIVAL AND FITNESS UPON SPIDER MITE INFESTATION

ABSTRACT: Tetranychus urticae is an important pest that causes severe damage on a wide variety of plants and crops, leading to a substantial loss of productivity. Previous research has focused on the study of Arabidopsis short-term response to T. urticae, but a comprehensive evaluation of the interaction through whole plant life cycle has not been previously studied. Here, through a physiological trait, transcriptomic and hormonomic evaluation we uncovered the molecular pathways directing the interaction of T. urticae during the complete plant life cycle. Upon mite infestation, plant suffers a process of adaptation to cope the stress and survive, led by the establishment of defence-growth trade-offs in the plant. Transcriptional and hormonal evaluation reveal how plant defence response upon mite perception determines the later growth responses and plant survival. In addition, a delay in plant development with a negative effect on plant fitness was observed, being fitness negatively affected with seed ageing. Taken together, our findings uncover the dynamics regulating plant-mite interactions and determining plant survival and reproductive success, providing new potential targets for improving plant response. Additionally, trade-offs suppose a cost on final plant fitness, demonstrating the underlying impact of the mite on the establishment of the offspring.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE255811 | GEO | 2024/08/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:While pathogen-induced immunity is comparatively well characterized, far less is known about plant defense responses to arthropod herbivores. To date, most molecular-genetic studies of plant-arthropod interactions have focused on insects. However, plant-feeding (phytophagous) mites are also pests of diverse plants, and mites induce different patterns of damage to plant tissues than do well-studied insects (e.g., Lepidopteran larvae or aphids). The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is among the most significant mite pests in agriculture. T. urticae is an extreme generalist that has been documented on a staggering number of plant hosts (more than 1,100), and is renowned for the rapid evolution of pesticide resistance. To understand reciprocal interactions between T. urticae and a plant host at the molecular level, we examined mite herbivory using Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite differences in feeding guilds, we found that transcriptional responses of A. thaliana to mite herbivory generally resembled those observed for insect herbivores. In particular, defense to mites was mediated by jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling. Further, indole glucosinolates dramatically increased mite mortality and development times. Variation in both basal and activated levels of these defense pathways might also explain differences in mite damage and feeding success between A. thaliana accessions. On the herbivore side, a diverse set of genes associated with detoxification of xenobiotics was induced upon exposure to increasing levels of in planta indole glucosinolates. Our findings provide molecular insights into the nature of, and response to, herbivory for a representative of a major class of arthropod herbivores. We used microarray to assess global gene expresion in Arabidopsis thaliana upon Tetranychus urticae attack in two A. thaliana accessions: Bla-2, resistant to spider mite herbivory and Kon, susceptible to spider mite herbivory. 3 week old Arabidopsis thaliana plants were subjected to Tetranychus urticae attack through application of 10 mites for various periods of time (timecourse scenario) or hundreds of mites for 1 hour (feeding site scenario).

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TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND HORMONAL DEFENCE-GROWTH TRADEOFFS DETERMINE PLANT SURVIVAL AND FITNESS UPON SPIDER MITE INFESTATION

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