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Multiplex single cell analysis of serotonergic neuron function in planarians reveals widespread effects in diverse cell types

ABSTRACT: We used scRNA-seq to examine serotonergic function in asexual planarians. We profiled 47,292 single cell transcriptomes of planarian of 3 different RNAi categories: gfp(RNAi), lhx1/5-1(RNAi) and pitx(RNAi). We detected changes in cell type frequency and gene expression patterns in planarian of different knock-down conditions, capturing regulatory programs of distinct cell types in response to loss of serotonergic function.

ORGANISM(S): Schmidtea mediterranea

PROVIDER: GSE256032 | GEO | 2024/02/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Allometry of cell types in planarians by single cell transcriptomics

Project description:We used scRNA-seq to examine cell type allometry in asexual planarians. We profiled 28,738 single cell transcriptomes of planarian of 3 different sizes categories: small (S), medium (M) and large (L). We detected changes in cell type frequency and gene expression patterns in planarian of different sizes, capturing regulatory programs of distinct cell types in response to allometric scaling.

2023-11-06 | GSE246681 | GEO

RNAseq in whole freshwater planarians, Schmidtea mediterranea, following RNAi of the transcription factors lhx1/5-1 and pitx.

Project description:Freshwater planarians can be used as a model to investigate neuronal function and maintenance in adults in vivo. We knocked down expression for 2 transcription factors, then sequenced resulting animals to examine transcriptional changes that may have occurred. There are 3 triplicated conditions: control(RNAi) using the unc22 gene from C. elegans, lhx1/5-1(RNAi), and pitx(RNAi). Worms were fed RNAi for each gene 5 times over 12 days then were collected 12 days later. Approximately 50 million single-end reads were performed on each sample.

2013-05-31 | E-GEOD-47348 | biostudies-arrayexpress

iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Initiation of Head Regeneration in Planarians

Project description:The planarian Dugesia japonica has amazing ability to regenerate a head from the anterior ends of the amputated stump with maintenance of the original anterior-posterior polarity. Although planarians present an attractive system for molecular investigation of regeneration and research has focused on clarifying the molecular mechanism of regeneration initiation in planarians, but proteomic studies are still in the early stages. Here, a global proteomics analysis of regenerating head fragments in planarians at 0h, 2h and 6h after amputation was performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics coupled with LC-MS/MS strategy. Then the significantly changed proteins were identified. The correlation betwwen protein expression profiles and signaling pathways/biological processes was analyzed by bioinformatics and systems biology.

2015-07-07 | PXD002100 | Pride

Identification of dysregulated transcripts in nkx2.2(RNAi) planarians.

Project description:Nkx2.2 is an intestine-enriched transcription factor required for regeneration in planarians. The goal of this study was to identify differentially expressed transcripts in uninjured nkx2.2(RNAi) planarians.

2022-05-24 | GSE174228 | GEO

Identification of dysregulated transcripts in apob-1(RNAi);apob-2(RNAi) planarians

Project description:ApoB-1 and ApoB-2 are intestine-enriched regulators of lipoprotein secretion in planarians. The goal of this study was to identify differentially expressed transcripts in uninjured apob-1(RNAi);apob-2(RNAi) double knockdown planarians relative to egfp(RNAi) control animals.

2022-05-24 | GSE174227 | GEO

Planarians recruit piRNAs for mRNA turnover in adult stem cells

Project description:PIWI proteins utilize small RNAs called piRNAs to silence transposable elements, thereby protecting germline integrity. In planarian flatworms, PIWI proteins are essential for regeneration, which requires adult stem cells termed neoblasts. Here, we characterize planarian piRNAs and examine the roles of PIWI proteins in neoblast biology. We find that the planarian PIWI proteins SMEDWI-2 and SMEDWI-3 cooperate to degrade active transposons via the ping-pong cycle. Unexpectedly, we discover that SMEDWI-3 plays an additional role in planarian mRNA surveillance. While SMEDWI-3 degrades numerous neoblast mRNAs in a homotypic ping-pong cycle, it is also guided to another subset of neoblast mRNAs by antisense piRNAs and binds these without degrading them. Mechanistically, the distinct activities of SMEDWI-3 are primarily dictated by the degree of complementarity between target mRNAs and antisense piRNAs. Planarian PIWI proteins thus act as both nucleases and RNA-binding proteins, enabling planarians to repurpose piRNAs for critical roles in neoblast mRNA turnover.

2019-09-04 | GSE122199 | GEO

Transcriptome of cct3A(RNAi) planarians at 72 hours of regeneration

Project description:We performed RNA-seq of whole starved cct3A(RNAi) planarians and controls at 72hR.

2021-04-26 | GSE134013 | GEO

HOX gene complement and expression in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea

Project description:Background: Freshwater planarians are well known for their regenerative abilities. Less well known is how planarians maintain spatial patterning in long-lived adult animals or how they re-pattern tissues during regeneration. HOX genes are good candidates to regulate planarian spatial patterning, yet the full complement or genomic clustering of planarian HOX genes has not yet been described, primarily because only a few have been detectable by in situ hybridization, and none have given morphological phenotypes when knocked down by RNAi. Results: Because the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea (S. med) is unsegmented, appendage-less, and morphologically simple, it has been proposed that it may have a simplified HOX gene complement. Here we argue against this hypothesis and show that S. med has a total of 13 HOX genes, which represent homologs to all major axial categories, and can be detected by whole-mount in situ hybridization using a highly-sensitive method. In addition, we show that planarian HOX genes do not cluster in the genome, yet 5/13 have retained aspects of axially-restricted expression. Finally, we confirm HOX gene axial expression by RNA-deep-sequencing 6 anterior-to-posterior “zones” of the animal, which we provide as a dataset to the community to discover other axially-restricted transcripts. Conclusions: Freshwater planarians have an unappreciated HOX gene complexity, with all major axial categories represented. However, we conclude based on adult expression patterns that planarians have a derived body plan and their asexual lifestyle may have allowed for large changes in HOX expression from the last common ancestor between arthropods, flatworms, and vertebrates. Using our in situ method and axial zone RNAseq data, it should be possible to further understand the pathways that pattern the anterior-posterior axis of adult planarians.

2016-03-08 | GSE78937 | GEO

Identification of dysregulated transcripts in egr-2(RNAi) planarians

Project description:egr-2 is an injury-responsive gene that is upregulated in the anterior of planarian tail fragments and required for intestinal remodeling. The goal of this study was to identify differentially expressed transcripts in the anterior region of egr-2(RNAi) tail fragments relative to egfp(RNAi) control fragments.

2023-03-15 | GSE227155 | GEO

Egf signaling directs neoblast repopulation by regulating asymmetric cell division in planarians

Project description:The goal of this experiment is to identify target genes of Egf signaling which regulate recovery of the neoblast population following exposure to a sublethal dose of radiation. A large population of highly proliferative stem cells (neoblasts) is required for physiological tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury in planarians. Recent studies indicate that survival of a few neoblasts after sublethal irradiation results in the clonal expansion of the surviving stem cells and the eventual restoration of tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity. Many genes are known to be required for the normal function of neoblasts, but the precise mechanisms regulating the population dynamics of these adult pluripotent stem cells remain largely unknown. By coupling RNAi screening and sublethal irradiation, we uncovered a central role for Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) signaling during in vivo neoblast expansion mediated by Smed-egfr-3 (egfr-3) and its putative ligand Smed-neuregulin-7 (nrg-7). Furthermore, the EGFR-3 protein localizes asymmetrically on the cytoplasmic membrane of neoblasts and the ratio of asymmetric to symmetric cell divisions decreases significantly in egfr-3(RNAi) worms. Our results not only provide the first molecular evidence of asymmetric stem cell divisions in planarian, but also demonstrate that EGF signaling likely functions as an essential regulator of neoblast clonal expansion.

2016-08-18 | GSE84025 | GEO

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