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GTPBP8 is essential for mitoribosome formation in human mitochondria

ABSTRACT: Mitochondrial gene expression relies on mitoribosomes to translate mitochondrial mRNAs. The biogenesis of mitoribosomes is an intricate process involving multiple assembly factors. Among these factors, GTP-binding proteins (GTPBPs) play crucial roles. In bacterial systems, numerous GTPBPs are required for ribosome subunit maturation, with EngB being a GTPBP involved in the ribosomal large subunit assembly. In this study, we focused on exploring the function of GTPBP8, the human homolog of EngB. We found that ablation of GTPBP8 leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial translation, resulting in significant impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. Structural analysis of mitoribosomes from GTPBP8 knock-out cells showed the accumulation of mitoribosomal large subunit assembly intermediates that are incapable of forming functional monosomes. Furthermore, fPAR-CLIP analysis revealed that GTPBP8 is an RNA-binding protein that interacts specifically with the mitochondrial ribosome large subunit16S rRNA. Our study highlights the crucial role of GTPBP8 as a component of the mitochondrial gene expression machinery involved in mitochondrial large subunit maturation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE256250 | GEO | 2024/06/19

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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GTPBP8 is essential for mitoribosome formation in human mitochondria

Project description:Mitochondrial gene expression relies on mitoribosomes to translate mitochondrial mRNAs. The biogenesis of mitoribosomes is an intricate process involving multiple assembly factors. Among these factors, GTP-binding proteins (GTPBPs) play crucial roles. In bacterial systems, numerous GTPBPs are required for ribosome subunit maturation, with EngB being a GTPBP involved in the ribosomal large subunit assembly. In this study, we focused on exploring the function of GTPBP8, the human homolog of EngB. We found that ablation of GTPBP8 leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial translation, resulting in significant impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. In the absence of GTPBP8, numerous mitoribosomal proteins from both subunits become destabilized, indicating GTPBP8's involvement in synchronized subunit assembly. Furthermore, structural analysis of mitoribosomes from GTPBP8 knock-out cells showed the accumulation of mitoribosomal large subunit assembly intermediates that are incapable of forming functional monosomes. Our study highlights the crucial role of GTPBP8 as a component of the mitochondrial gene expression machinery involved in mitoribosome biogenesis.

2023-09-13 | GSE242965 | GEO

GTPBP8 is essential for mitoribosome formation in human mitochondria

2024-04-11 | PXD045264 | Pride

Human GTPBP5 is involved in the late stage of mitoribosome large subunit assembly

Project description:Human mitoribosomes are macromolecular complexes essential for translation of 11 mitochondrial mRNAs. The large and the small mitoribosomal subunits undergo a multistep maturation process that requires the involvement of several factors. Among these factors, GTP-binding proteins (GTPBPs) play an important role as GTP hydrolysis can provide energy throughout the assembly stages. In bacteria, many GTPBPs are needed for the maturation of ribosome subunits and, of particular interest for this study, ObgE has been shown to assist in the 50S subunit assembly. Here, we characterize the role of a related human Obg-family member, GTPBP5. We show that GTPBP5 interacts specifically with the large mitoribosomal subunit (mt-LSU) proteins and several late-stage mitoribosome assembly factors, including NSUN4-MTERF4 complex, MRM2 methyltransferase, MALSU1 and MTG1. Interestingly, we find that interaction of GTPBP5 with the mt-LSU is compromised in the presence of a non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, suggesting a different mechanism of action of this protein in contrast to that of other Obg-family GTPBPs. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GTPBP5 ablation leads to severe impairment in the oxidative phosphorylation system, concurrent with a decrease in mitochondrial translation, reduced monosome formation and elevated levels of certain mitoribosome assembly factors. Overall, our data indicate an important role of GTPBP5 in mitochondrial function and suggest its involvement in the late-stage maturation of the mt-LSU maturation.

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Composition of the mitoribosome of Diplonema papillatum

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Composition of the mitoribosome of Diplonema papillatum

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GTPase driven maturation of the human mitoribosomal peptidyl transferase center

Project description:We combine genetic perturbation with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to establish the mechanism of PTC maturation during human mitoribosome biogenesis. Cryo-EM structures of large mitoribosomal subunit (mtLSU) assembly intermediates purified from GTPBP6-deficient cells reveal that GTPBP5 acts in concert with the methyltransferase domain of the NSUN4-MTERF4 complex to facilitate PTC folding. Addition of recombinant GTPBP6 to these assembly intermediates provides the structural basis for subsequent GTPBP6-mediated late PTC maturation and suggests a sequential order of mtLSU biogenesis. Finally, cryo-EM analysis of 55S mitoribosomes treated with GTPBP6 explains how this protein can adopt a dual role in ribosome biogenesis and recycling. Taken together, these results provide the molecular basis for PTC maturation and establish a hierarchical model for late mitoribosome biogenesis.

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Distinct roles for human mtIF2 and mtIF3 in non-canonical mitochondrial translation.

Project description:The synthesis of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes is central to cellular metabolism, yet many molecular details of mitochondrial translation remain elusive. It is commonly held view that translation initiation in human mitochondria proceeded in a manner similar to bacterial systems, with the mitoribosomal small subunit bound to the initiation factors, mtIF2 and mtIF3, along with initiator tRNA and an mRNA. However, unlike in bacteria, most human mitochondrial mRNAs lack 5′ leader sequences that can mediate small subunit binding, raising the question of how leaderless mRNAs are recognized by mitoribosomes. By using novel in vitro mitochondrial translation initiation assays, alongside biochemical and genetic characterization of cellular knockouts of mitochondrial translation factors, we describe unique features of translation initiation in human mitochondria. We show that in vitro, leaderless mRNA transcripts can be loaded directly onto assembled 55S mitoribosomes, but not onto the mitoribosomal small subunit (28S). In addition, we demonstrate that while mtIF2 is indispensable for mitochondrial translation, mtIF3 activity is not required for translation of leaderless mitochondrial transcripts but is essential for translation of ATP6 in the case of the bicistronic ATP8/ATP6 transcript. Our results confirm important evolutionary divergences of the mitochondrial translation system, and further our understanding of a process central to eukaryotic metabolism.

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Discovery and structure of the mitoribosomal SSU assemblosome in trypanosomes

Project description:Data-dependent LC-MS/MS was used to generate a protein inventory of an affinity-purified assembly intermediate of the small subunit (SSU) of the Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrial ribosome. The identified proteins (mitoribosomal proteins and putative maturation factors) were then used to assist in solving the structure of the SSU assemblosome by cryo-electron microscopy.

2019-09-13 | PXD011988 | Pride

Structure of the full kinetoplastids mitoribosome and insight on its large subunit maturation

Project description:Kinetoplastids are unicellular eukaryotic parasites responsible for human pathologies such as Chagas disease, sleeping sickness or Leishmaniasis1. They possess a single large mitochondrion, essential for the parasite survival2. In kinetoplastids mitochondrion, most of the molecular machineries and gene expression processes have significantly diverged and specialized, with the most extreme case being their mitochondrial ribosomes3. These large complexes are in charge of translating the few essential mRNAs encoded by mitochondrial genomes4,5. Structural studies performed in Trypanosoma brucei already highlighted the numerous peculiarities of these mitoribosomes and the maturation of their small subunit3,6. However, several important aspects mainly related to the large subunit remain elusive, such as the structure and maturation of its ribosomal RNA3. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy study of the protozoans Leishmania tarentolae and Trypanosoma cruzi mitoribosomes. For both species, we obtained the structure of their mature mitoribosomes, complete rRNA of the large subunit as well as previously unidentified ribosomal proteins. Most importantly, we introduce the structure of an LSU assembly intermediate in presence of 16 identified maturation factors. These maturation factors act both on the intersubunit and solvent sides of the LSU, where they refold and chemically modify the rRNA and prevent early translation before full maturation of the LSU.

2021-04-29 | PXD018981 | Pride

Deficiency of mitoribosomal S10 protein affects translation and splicing in Arabidopsis mitochondria

Project description:The ribosome is not only a protein-making machine, but also a regulatory element in protein synthesis. This view is supported by our earlier data showing that Arabidopsis mitoribosomes altered due to the silencing of the nuclear RPS10 gene encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10 differentially translate mitochondrial transcripts compared with the wild-type. Here, we used ribosome profiling to determine the contribution of transcriptional and translational control in the regulation of protein synthesis in rps10 mitochondria compared with the wild-type ones. Oxidative phosphorylation system proteins are preferentially synthesized in wild-type mitochondria but this feature is lost in the mutant. The rps10 mitoribosomes show slightly reduced translation efficiency of most respiration-related proteins and at the same time markedly more efficiently synthesize ribosomal proteins and MatR and TatC proteins. The mitoribosomes deficient in S10 protein protect shorter transcript fragments which exhibit a weaker 3-nucleotide periodicity compared with the wild-type. The decrease in the triplet periodicity is particularly drastic for genes containing introns. Notably, splicing is considerably less effective in the mutant, indicating an unexpected link between the deficiency of S10 and mitochondrial splicing. Thus, a shortage of the mitoribosomal S10 protein has wide-ranging consequences on mitochondrial gene expression.

2019-10-29 | GSE132441 | GEO

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