Gene expression profile at single cell level of non-parenchymal cells from Fibrosis and Tumor (FAT) Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) model vs healthy liver at 12- and 24-week timepoints.
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE261088 | GEO | 2024/07/23
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Reliable non-invasive tools to diagnose at risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are urgently needed to improve management. We developed a risk stratification score incorporating proteomics-derived serum markers with clinical variables to identify high risk MASH patients (NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) >4 and fibrosis score >2). In this three-phase proteomic study of biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic fatty liver disease (MASLD), we first developed a multi-protein predictor for discriminating NAS>4 based on SOMAscan proteomics quantifying 1,305 serum proteins from 57 US patients. Four key predictor proteins were verified by ELISA in the expanded US cohort (N=168), and enhanced by adding clinical variables to create the 9-feature MASH Dx Score which predicted MASH and also high risk MASH (F2+). The MASH Dx Score was validated in two independent, external cohorts from Germany (N=139) and Brazil (N=177). The discovery phase identified a 6-protein classifier that achieved an AUC of 0.93 for identifying MASH. Significant elevation of four proteins (THBS2, GDF15, SELE, IGFBP7) was verified by ELISA in the expanded discovery and independently in the two external cohorts. MASH Dx Score incorporated these proteins with established MASH risk factors (age, BMI, ALT, diabetes, hypertension) to achieve good discrimination between MASH and MASLD without MASH (AUC:0.87- discovery; 0.83- pooled external validation cohorts), with similar performance when evaluating high risk MASH F2-4 (vs. MASH F0-1 and MASLD without MASH). The MASH Dx Score offers the first reliable non-invasive approach combining novel, biologically plausible ELISA-based fibrosis markers and clinical parameters to detect high risk MASH in patient cohorts from the US, Brasil and Europe.
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Project description:While macrophage heterogeneity during Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) has been described, the fate of these macrophages during MASH regression is poorly understood. Comparing macrophage heterogeneity during MASH progression vs regression, we identified specific macrophage sub- populations that are critical for MASH/fibrosis resolution. We elucidated the restorative pathways and gene signatures that define regression associated macrophages (RAM) and establish the importance of TREM2+ macrophages during MASH regression. Liver resident Kupffer cells are lost during MASH and are replaced by four distinct monocyte derived macrophage sub-populations. Trem2 is expressed in two macrophage sub- populations: (i) monocyte-derived macrophages occupying the Kupffer cell niche (MoKC) and (ii) lipid-associated macrophages (LAM). In regression livers, no new transcriptionally distinct MF sub-population emerged. However, the relative macrophage composition changed during regression compared to MASH. While MoKC was the major macrophage sub-population during MASH, they decreased during regression. LAM was the dominant macrophage sub-type during MASH regression and maintained Trem2 expression. Both MoKC and LAM were enriched in disease resolving pathways. Absence of TREM2 restricted the emergence of LAMs and formation of hepatic crown like structures (hCLS). TREM2+ macrophages are functionally important not only for restricting MASH-fibrosis progression, but also for effective regression of inflammation and fibrosis. TREM2+ MF are superior collagen degraders. Lack of TREM2+ macrophages also prevented elimination of hepatic steatosis and inactivation of HSC during regression, indicating their significance in metabolic co-ordination with other cell- types in the liver. TREM2 imparts this protective effect through multifactorial mechanisms, including improved phagocytosis, lipid-handling and collagen degradation.
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Project description:Liver x receptor alpha (LXRα, Nr1h3) functions as an important intracellular cholesterol sensor that regulates liver fat and cholesterol metabolism at the transcriptional level in response to the direct binding of cholesterol derivatives. We have generated mice with a mutation in LXRα that reduces activity in response to endogenous cholesterol derived LXR ligands while still allowing transcriptional activation by synthetic agonists. The mutant LXRα functions as a dominant negative that shuts down cholesterol sensing. When fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet LXRα mutant mice rapidly develop pathologies associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) including ballooning hepatocytes, liver inflammation, and fibrosis. Strikingly LXRα mutant mice have decreased liver triglycerides but increased liver cholesterol. Therefore, MASH-like phenotypes can arise in the absence of large increases in hepatic triglycerides. Reengaging LXR signaling by treatment with synthetic agonist reverses MASH suggesting that LXRα normally functions to impede the development of liver disease.
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Project description:MASH Explorer, a universal, comprehensive, and user-friendly software environment for top-down proteomics. MASH Explorer integrates multiple spectral deconvolution and database searching algorithms into a single, universal platform which can process top-down proteomics data from various vendor formats, for the first time. It addresses the urgent need in the rapidly growing top-down proteomics community and is freely available to all users worldwide. With the critical need and tremendous support from the community, we envision this MASH Explorer software package will play an integral role in advancing top-down proteomics to realize its full potential for biomedical research.
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