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DLK-dependent protein network regulates hippocampal glutamatergic neuron degeneration

ABSTRACT: The conserved MAPKKK DLK plays many roles in neuronal development, axon injury, and neuronal stress responses. The outcomes of activating or inhibiting DLK signaling depend on cell-type and cellular contexts. Emerging evidence has implicated DLK signaling in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, our understanding of the DLK-dependent cellular network in the central nervous system remains limited. Here, we investigated roles of DLK in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons, using conditional knockout and overexpression mice. We find that dorsal CA1 and dentate gyrus neurons are particularly vulnerable to elevated DLK activity. We performed RiboTRAP-seq analysis and identified the DLK dependent translatome, majority of which are involved in neuronal developmental processes, neuronal stress responses, and synapse formation and function. Increasing DLK signaling is associated with disruptions of microtubules, potentially involving Stmn4. We also show that in primary hippocampal neurons DLK regulates neurite outgrowth, axon specification, and synapse formation. This study broadens our understanding of both conserved and cell-type specific effects of DLK signaling. The identification of translational targets of DLK in glutamatergic neurons has relevance to our understanding of neurodegenerative disease.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE266662 | GEO | 2025/01/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Neurodegenerative brain disorders become more common in the aged. Most of these disorders are associated with or caused by selective death of certain neuronal subpopulations. The mechanisms underlying the differential vulnerability of certain neuronal populations are still largely unexplored and few neuroprotective treatments are available to date. Elucidation of these mechanisms may lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, preconditioning by a short seizure confers neuroprotection following a subsequent prolonged seizure. Our goal is to identify pathways that confer vulnerability and resistance to neurotoxic conditions by comparing the basal and preconditioned gene expression profiles of three differentially vulnerable hippocampal neuron populations. Hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons are highly susceptible to seizures and ischemia, whereas dentate gyrus granule cells are relatively resistant. A brief preconditioning seizure confers protection to the pyramidal cells. We will first determine gene expression profiles of untreated rat CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells, and dentate granule cells, using laser capture microscopy to obtain region-specific neuronal mRNA. We will then determine the effect of a brief preconditioning seizure, which is neuroprotective in CA1 and CA3, on these expression profiles. We hypothesize that common molecular mechanisms exist in neurons that determine their susceptibility to seizure-induced injury. Intrinsic differences in gene expression exist between hippocampal glutamatergic CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons, on the one hand, and dentate granule cells on the other, which contribute to the greater susceptibility of pyramidal neurons to degeneration in experimental stroke and epilepsy. We specifically hypothesize that differences in basal energy metabolism genes may confer differential susceptibility to neurodegeneration produced by seizures and ischemia. Anesthetized animals will be sacrificed by decapitation, and frozen 10 micron sections will be lightly stained with cresyl violet to identify cell layers in the hippocampus. Approximately 1000 neurons from each of the three cell layers will be isolated by LCM. Poly-A RNA will be amplified using a modified Eberwine protocol. The quality of our aRNA will be evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR of GluR6 and KA2 mRNA levels before we send the samples to the Center for labeling and hybridization to Affymetrix rat 230A arrays. We will provide a one-round amplification cDNA product to the center for labeling and hybridization. This protocol is identical to a previously approved study by Jim Greene in our laboratory.

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DLK-dependent protein network regulates hippocampal glutamatergic neuron degeneration

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