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Rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate

ABSTRACT: The formation of germ cells is a critical issue for the continuation of species. A large group of animals follow a preformation strategy to generate their primordial germ cells (PGCs). They produce a set of localized maternal mRNAs and proteins to form phase-separated germ plasm that functions as the PGC determinants, but the mechanisms underlying the assembly of germ plasm is poorly understood. This study identifies Rbm24a as an enssential localized germ plasm protein component that controls the formation of large and functional germ plasm granules. Rbm24a is complexed with Buc and interacts with germ plasm mRNAs, which determines the specific grasp of germ plasm mRNAs into the phase-separated aggregates. Rbm24a-absent granules fail to undergo kinesin-dependent transport towards the cleavage furrows, where small particles fuse into large ones. The loss of maternal rbm24a causes the complete degradation of germ plasm components and the disappearance of PGCs, resulting in totally sterile animals. Our work establishes that Rbm24 is a critical nucleating organizer component of germ plasm, highlighting an emerging common mechanism to read and recruit RNA component into phase-separated condensates.

ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio

PROVIDER: GSE267406 | GEO | 2025/01/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: During the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) vast changes in the embryonic transcriptome are produced by a combination of two processes: elimination of maternally provided mRNAs and synthesis of new transcripts from the zygotic genome. Previous genome-wide analyses of the MZT have been restricted to whole embryos. Here we report the first such analysis for primordial germ cells (PGCs), the progenitors of the germ-line stem cells. Results: We purified PGCs from Drosophila embryos, defined their proteome and transcriptome, and assessed the content, scale and dynamics of their MZT. Transcripts encoding proteins that implement particular types of biological functions group into nine distinct expression profiles, reflecting coordinate control at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. mRNAs encoding germ-plasm components and cell-cell signaling molecules are rapidly degraded while new transcription produces mRNAs encoding the core transcriptional and protein synthetic machineries. The RNA-binding protein, Smaug, is essential for the PGC MZT, clearing transcripts encoding proteins that regulate stem cell behavior, transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. Computational analyses suggest that Smaug and AU-rich element binding-proteins function independently to control transcript elimination. Conclusion: The scale of the MZT is similar in the soma and PGCs. However, the timing and content of their MZTs differ, reflecting the distinct developmental imperatives of these cell types. The PGC MZT is delayed relative to that in the soma, likely because relief of PGC-specific transcriptional silencing is required for zygotic genome activation as well as for efficient maternal transcript clearance. There are 26 samples in total, including 1-to-3 hour, 3-to-5 hour, 5-to-7 hour PGCs in wild type and smaug mutant flies and 1-to-3 hour somatic cells in wild type flies. Except for the 1-to-3 hour and 3-to-5 hour smaug mutant PGCs which have three replicates, all the other samples have four replicates.

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Rbm24a is an organizer component of germ plasm to determine germ cell fate

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