The gene expression profiles of maturing osteoclasts (OCs) co-cultured with prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE268422 | GEO | 2024/06/06
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Bone is a connective tissue which undergoes continuous remodeling, including bone resorption and formation by osteoclasts (OCs) and osteoblasts (OBs), respectively. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly appreciated as a regulator of intercellular communication between OCs and OBs. The zebrafish scale is a thin membranous bone embedded in the skin and consists of OBs, OCs, and bone matrix, providing an elegant model to visualize OC-OB communication. Here, we developed a double-transgenic zebrafish line, trap:GFP; osterix:mCherry, which expresses GFP and mCherry under the control of the OC-specific trap (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) and OB-specific osterix enhancer, respectively. Utilizing this double-transgenic line, in combination with Hoechst 33342 (Hoe) staining, we isolated four distinct fractions from the scale at 1 day post-fracture by flow cytometry, GFP(–) mCh(+) Hoe(high) (OB fraction), GFP(low) mCh(+) Hoe(high) (OC precursor (pOC) fraction), GFP(high) Hoe(high) (mature OC (mOC) fraction), and mCh(+) Hoe(–) (OB-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) fraction). In this study, we have performed RNA-seq analysis using these four fractions to examine the gene expression profile of each fraction.
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Project description:Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-resorbing cells differentiated from macrophage/monocyte precursors in response to M-CSF and RANKL. In vitro models are principally based on primary bone marrow macrophages, but RAW 264.7 cells are frequently used because they are widely available, easy to culture, and more amenable to genetic manipulation than primary cells. Increasing evidence, however, has shown that the vastly different origins of these two cell types may have important effects on cell behavior. In particular, M-CSF is prerequisite for the differentiation of BMMs, by promoting survival and proliferation and priming the cells for RANKL induction. RAW 264.7 cells readily form OCs in the presence of RANKL, but M-CSF is not required. Based on these key differences, we sought to understand their functional implications and how it might affect osteoclast differentiation and related signaling pathways. Using a robust and high-throughput proteomics strategy, we quantified the global protein changes in OCs derived from bone marrow macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells at 1, 3, and 5 days of differentiation. Correlation analysis of the proteomes demonstrated low concordance between the two cell types (R2 ≈ 0.13). Bioinformatics analysis indicate that RANKL-dependent signaling was intact in RAW 264.7 cells, but biological processes known to be dependent on M-CSF were significantly different; including cell cycle control, cytoskeletal organization, and apoptosis. RAW 264.7 cells exhibited constitutive activation of Erk and Akt that was dependent on the activity of Abelson tyrosine kinase, and the timing of Erk and Akt activation was significantly different between BMMs and RAW 264.7 cells. Our findings provide the first evidence for major differences between BMMs and RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that careful consideration is needed when using the RAW 264.7 cell line when studying M-CSF-dependent signaling and functions.
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Project description:Oncogenic signaling of the niche can have a severe effect on the hematopoietic compartment and could contribute or play an active role during the development of human leukemia predisposition syndromes. To provide insights into the mechanisms that underlie this concept, as well as their relevance to disease, this study uses the leukemia predisposition syndrome Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) as a model. This leukemia predisposition syndrome is established by constitutive homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene SBDS. SDS is characterized by skeletal defects and a striking predisposition for the development of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Loss of Sbds in the hematopoietic compartment does not results in the induction of MDS or AML, however, could have an indirect effect on the hematopoietic system through the disruption of niche cells.<br>This submission concerns itself with gene expression profiling of transgenic mice. Osterix1 (Osx) is a zinc-finger transcriptional factor essential for osteoblast differentiation in mice and is expressed in cells of the mesenchymal lineage. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) was modified such that it expressed the green fluorescent protein (GFP)::Cre recombinase (GFP::Cre) fusion protein. The artificial construct was inserted into the Osterix gene (Osx1, Sp7), enabling fusion gene GFP::Cre to be expressed from the Osx promotor (Osx1-GFP::Cre) and thereby creating transgenic mice. Cells isolated from these mice are therefore termed Osx::GFP cells. The Osx-GFP-Cre mice were crossed with Sbds f/f (flox/flox, loxp sites are inserted into the gene Sbds enabling the deletion of the region located between these loxp sites) mice to generate the transgenic Osx-GFP-Cre Sbds f/f (OCS) mice. Hence cells expressing the Osx/Sp7 gene therefore express the GFP::Cre fusion protein which enables the prospective isolation of GFP+ cells and it enables the deletion of the Sbds gene through the Cre-mediated recombination of the loxp sites.</br><br> OCS mice have skeletal defects similar to those observed in the human leukemia predisposition syndrome SDS. To obtain a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms Osx::GFP+ cells were prospectively isolated from bone cells suspensions, through fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), derived from OCS mice. Mutant OCS mice have a homozygous deletion of the Sbds gene in mesenchymal cells (e.g., osteoblasts), while wildtype mice have normal Sbds alleles. The gene expression profiles (GEPs) of both groups of mice were directly compared to determine major transcriptional changes.</br>
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