Similar Datasets
Project description:Competition between two HUSH complexes orchestrates the immune response to retroelement invasion
| PRJNA1118759 | ENA
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2024-09-23 | GSE234281 | GEO
Project description:The Human Silencing Hub (HuSH) complex is a complex that silences retrotransposable elements invertebrates. Here, we identify a second HuSH complex, designated HuSH2, which is centered aroundTASOR2, a paralog of the core TASOR protein in HuSH. Our findings reveal that HuSH and HuSH2 localize todistinct and non-overlapping genomic loci. Specifically, HuSH localizes to and represses LINE-1retrotransposons, whereas HuSH2 targets and represses KRAB-ZNFs and interferon signaling and responsegenes. We use in silico protein structure predictions to simulate MPP8 interactions with TASOR paralogs,guiding amino acid substitutions that disrupted binding to HuSH complexes. These MPP8 transgenes andother constructs reveal the importance of HuSH complex quantities in regulating LINE-1 activity. Furthermore,our results suggest that dynamic changes in TASOR and TASOR2 expression enable cells to finely tuneHuSH-mediated silencing. This study offers insights into the interplay of HuSH complexes, highlighting theirvital role in retrotransposon regulation.
2024-09-24 | PXD049085 | Pride
Project description:The Human Silencing Hub (HuSH) complex is a complex that silences retrotransposable elements in vertebrates. Here, we identify a second HuSH complex, designated HuSH2, which is centered around TASOR2, a paralog of the core TASOR protein in HuSH. Our findings reveal that HuSH and HuSH2 localize to distinct and non-overlapping genomic loci. Specifically, HuSH localizes to and represses LINE-1 retrotransposons, whereas HuSH2 targets and represses KRAB-ZNFs and interferon signaling and response genes. We use in silico protein structure predictions to simulate MPP8 interactions with TASOR paralogs, guiding amino acid substitutions that disrupted binding to HuSH complexes. These MPP8 transgenes and other constructs reveal the importance of HuSH complex quantities in regulating LINE-1 activity. Furthermore, our results suggest that dynamic changes in TASOR and TASOR2 expression enable cells to finely tune HuSH-mediated silencing. This study offers insights into the interplay of HuSH complexes, highlighting their vital role in retrotransposon regulation.
2024-09-23 | GSE234280 | GEO
Project description:The Human Silencing Hub (HuSH) complex is a complex that silences retrotransposable elements in vertebrates. Here, we identify a second HuSH complex, designated HuSH2, which is centered around TASOR2, a paralog of the core TASOR protein in HuSH. Our findings reveal that HuSH and HuSH2 localize to distinct and non-overlapping genomic loci. Specifically, HuSH localizes to and represses LINE-1 retrotransposons, whereas HuSH2 targets and represses KRAB-ZNFs and interferon signaling and response genes. We use in silico protein structure predictions to simulate MPP8 interactions with TASOR paralogs, guiding amino acid substitutions that disrupted binding to HuSH complexes. These MPP8 transgenes and other constructs reveal the importance of HuSH complex quantities in regulating LINE-1 activity. Furthermore, our results suggest that dynamic changes in TASOR and TASOR2 expression enable cells to finely tune HuSH-mediated silencing. This study offers insights into the interplay of HuSH complexes, highlighting their vital role in retrotransposon regulation.
2024-09-23 | GSE234279 | GEO
Project description:C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is expressed on monocytes and facilitates their recruitment to tumors. Though breast cancer cells also express CCR2, its functions in these cells are unclear. We found that Ccr2 deletion in cancer cells led to reduced tumor growth and approximately twofold longer survival in an orthotopic, isograft breast cancer mouse model. Deletion of Ccr2 in cancer cells resulted in multiple alterations associated with better immune control: increased infiltration and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and CD103+ cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), as well as up-regulation of MHC class I and down-regulation of checkpoint regulator PD-L1 on the cancer cells. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of CCR2 increased cancer cell sensitivity to CTLs and enabled the cancer cells to induce DC maturation toward the CD103+ subtype. Consistently, Ccr2-/- cancer cells did not induce immune suppression in Batf3-/- mice lacking CD103+ DCs. Our results establish that CCR2 signaling in cancer cells can orchestrate suppression of the immune response.
| S-EPMC7537399 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential for embryonic development and adult homeostasis. How its signaling activity is fine-tuned in response to fluctuated Hh gradient is less known. Here, we identify protein phosphatase V (PpV), the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 6, as a homeostatic regulator of Hh signaling. PpV is genetically upstream of widerborst (wdb), which encodes a regulatory subunit of PP2A that modulates high-level Hh signaling. We show that PpV negatively regulates Wdb stability independent of phosphatase activity of PpV, by competing with the catalytic subunit of PP2A for Wdb association, leading to Wdb ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Thus, regulated Wdb stability, maintained through competition between two closely related phosphatases, ensures graded Hh signaling. Interestingly, PpV expression is regulated by Hh signaling. Therefore, PpV functions as a Hh activity sensor that regulates Wdb-mediated PP2A activity through feedback mechanisms to maintain Hh signaling homeostasis.
| S-EPMC7774589 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2,which is one of the 22 members of the FGF family, functions as an extracellular molecule involved in canonical receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. It has been implicated in angiogenesis and the development of the CNS. In this article, we reveal that cytosolic low m.w. isoform (LMW) FGF2 (18 kDa), not its secreted form, plays an unexpected role in the innate immune response. Cytosolic LMW FGF2 directly associated with inactivated RIG-I under physiological conditions, which enhanced RIG-I protein stability, thereby maintaining basal RIG-I levels. However, during RIG-I activation induced by viral RNA, cytosolic FGF2 bound to the caspase recruitment domains of activated RIG-I, which blocked RIG-I-MAVS complex formation. LMW FGF2 deficiency increased type I IFN production, whereas the overexpression of LMW FGF2 exerted the opposite effect. Cytosolic LMW FGF2 functions as a negative regulator in RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling. This work provides insight into the role of FGF2 in innate immune response.
| S-EPMC4637180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A prominent obstacle to HIV eradication in seropositive individuals is the viral persistence in latent reservoir cells, which constitute an HIV sanctuary out of reach of highly active antiretroviral therapies. Thus, the study of molecular mechanisms governing latency is a very active field that aims at providing solutions to face the reservoirs issue. Since the past 15 years, another major field in HIV biology focused on the discovery and study of restriction factors that shape intrinsic immunity, while engaging in a molecular battle against HIV. Some of these restrictions factors act at early stages of the virus life cycle, alike SAMHD1 antagonized by the viral protein Vpx, while others are late actors. Until recently, no such factor was identified in the nucleus and found active at the level of provirus expression, a crucial step where latency may take place. Today, two studies highlight Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) as a potential restriction factor that controls viral expression and is antagonized by Vpx. This Review discusses HUSH restriction in the light of the actual knowledge of intrinsic immunity and HIV latency.
| S-EPMC6379475 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2013-06-01 | E-GEOD-41058 | biostudies-arrayexpress