Ascl1, Nurr1 and Lmx1 convert mouse and human fibroblasts into functional dopaminergic neurons without passing through an intermediate precursor state
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE27174 | GEO | 2011/07/04
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA137375
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Lineage-specific transcription factors, which drive cellular identity during embryogenesis, have been shown to convert cell fate when express ectopically in heterologous cells. Herein, we screened the key molecular factors governing the dopaminergic neuronal specification during brain development for their ability to generate similar neurons directly from mouse and human fibroblasts. Remarkably, we found a minimal set of three factors Mash1, Nurr1 and Lmx1a/b able to elicit such cellular reprogramming. Molecular and transcriptome studies showed reprogrammed DA neurons to faithfully recapitulate gene expression of their brain homolog cells while lacking expression of other catecholaminergic neuronal types. Induced neurons showed spontaneous electrical activity organized in regular spikes consistent with the pacemaker activity featured by brain DA neurons. The three factors were able to elicit DA neuronal conversion in human fibroblasts from prenatal or adult fibroblasts of healthy donors and a Parkinson’s disease patient. Generation of DA induced neurons from somatic cells might have significant implications in studies of neural development, disease in vitro modeling and cell replacement therapies. We infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from TH-GFP knock-in mice embryos at E14.5, with lentiviruses expressing the three dopaminergic transcription factors Ascl1, Lmx1a and Nurr1. TH-GFP MEFs infected (Ind) by a pool of the three previously mentioned dopaminergic lentiviruses were shifted in a neuronal medium for 12 days and sorted for GFP-positive cells. Thus we extracted mRNA from Ind-GFP-positive cells and compared them to not infetced (NI) cells by means of RNA-microarray analysis.
2011-07-04 | E-GEOD-27174 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The identified stromal factors SDF1alpha, sFRP1 and VEGFD induce dopaminergic neuron differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons are potentially useful for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD) through cell replacement therapy. Generation of DA neurons from hESCs has been achieved by co-culture with the stromal cell line PA6, a source of stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA). However, the factor(s) produced by stromal cells that constitute SDIA is unknown. We previously reported that medium conditioned by PA6 cells can generate functional DA neurons in the human embryonal carcinoma stem cell line, NTera2. Here we further examined the effects of PA6-conditioned medium and found that it can induce DA neuronal differentiation in both the NTera2 cell line and the hESC line, I6. To identify the factor(s) responsible for SDIA, we used large-scale microarray analysis of gene expression combined with proteomic analysis of PA6-conditioned medium. Four candidate factors (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF1alpha), secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) and vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD)) were identified and immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (ICE) was used to establish the protein concentration of these factors in conditioned medium. Upon addition of SDF1alpha, sFRP1, and VEGFD, we observed an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase- and TuJ1- positive cells in both the NTera2 and I6 cell lines. These results indicate that SDF1alpha, sFRP1 and VEGF-D are major components of SDIA, and suggest the potential use of these defined factors to elicit dopaminergic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells as a therapeutic intervention in PD. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were grown in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS; this conditioned media was used as the control. PA6, mouse stromal cells, were grown in MEM-alpha supplemented with 10% FBS; this conditioned media is known to induce differentiation in hES cells.
2012-06-24 | E-GEOD-20503 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This project aimed at identifying developmental stage specific transcript profiles for catecholaminergic neurons in embryos and early larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Catecholaminergic neurons were labeled using transgenic zebrafish strains to drive expression of GFP. At stages 24, 36, 72 and 96 hrs post fertilization, embryos were dissociated and GFP expressing cells sorted by FACS. Isolated RNAs were processed using either polyA selection and libray generation or NanoCAGE. This is the first effort to determine stage specific mRNA profiles of catecholaminergic neurons in zebrafish. Catecholaminergic neurons were labeled by four different strategies: (1) 24 hrs old embryos: we used the ETvmat2:GFP transgenic line (Wen et al. 2007). Visualization of monoaminergic neurons and neurotoxicity of MPTP in live transgenic zebrafish. Dev Biol. 2008 Vol 314 p84-92) which at this early stage labels catecholaminergic neurons in posterior tuberculum and locus coeruleus; (2) 24 hrs old embryos: we used Tg(otpb.A:egfp)zc48 transgenic line (Fujimoto et al. Identification of a dopaminergic enhancer indicates complexity in vertebrate dopamine neuron phenotype specification. Dev Biol 2011, Vol 352, p393–404) which at this stage label ventral diencephalic dopaminergic neurons and some preoptic neurons. (3) For 72 and 96 hrs old zebrafish larvae we used a th:GFP BAC transgenic lines that labels catecholaminergic neurons (Tay et al., Comprehensive catecholaminergic projectome analysis reveals single-neuron integration of zebrafish ascending and descending dopaminergic systems. Nat Comms 2011 Vol 2, 171; also: T. Leng and W. Driever, unpublished). (4) for the 36 and 48 hrs old zebrafish larvae we used a th:Gal4VP16 driver and UAS:EGFP responder transgenic line system to label catecholaminergic cells (Fernandes et al., Deep brain photoreceptors control light-seeking behavior in zebrafish larvae. Curr Biol. 2012 Vol 22 DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.016). We used the different transgenic lines, because lines (3) and (4) do not efficiently label catecholaminergic neurons at early stages, while lines (1) and (2) also have GFP expression in several other non-catecholaminergic populations at later stages of development. Embryos were dissociated and catecholaminergic neurons were FACS sorted from GFP-tagged zebrafish (Manoli and Driever, 2012, Cold Spring Harbor Protoc. DOI 10.1101/pdb.prot069633). RNA was either processed for NanoCAGE, or mRNA was isolated and amplified. cDNA was sequenced by Illumina technique. This data submission is a series of data files consisting of three independent experiments with diffrent RNA-Seq depth: Samples 1-4 (NanoCage): Samples 5-8 (RNA-Seq high read numbers), and SAmples 9-12 (RNA-Seq low read numbers).
2012-10-15 | E-GEOD-41373 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The induction of pluripotency or trans-differentiation of one cell type to another can be accomplished with cell lineage-specific transcription factors. Here we report that repression of a single RNA binding protein PTB, which occurs during normal brain development via the action of miR-124, is sufficient to induce trans-differentiation of fibroblasts into functional neurons. Besides its traditional role in regulated splicing, we show that PTB has a previously undocumented function in the regulation of microRNA functions, suppressing or enhancing microRNA targeting by competitive binding on target mRNA or altering local RNA secondary structure. A key event during neuronal induction is the relief of PTB-mediated blockage of microRNA action on multiple components of the REST complex, thereby de-repressing a large array of neuronal genes, including miR-124 and multiple neuronal-specific transcription factors, in non-neuronal cells. This converts a negative feedback loop to a positive one to elicit cellular reprogramming to the neuronal lineage. Examination of PTB regulated AGO2/microRNA targeting in Hela cells by CLIP-seq (two biological replicates) , paired-end RNA-seq (control and PTB knockdown) and 3’end stability RNA-seq (control and PTB knockdown)
2013-01-17 | E-GEOD-42701 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Dopamine (DA) neurons modulate neural circuits and behaviors via dopamine release from expansive, long range axonal projections. The elaborate cytoarchitecture of DA neurons is embedded within complex brain tissues, making it difficult to access the DA neuronal proteome using conventional methods. Here, we demonstrate APEX2 proximity labeling within genetically targeted neurons in the mouse brain, enabling subcellular proteomics with cell type-specificity. By combining APEX2 biotinylation with mass spectrometry, we mapped the somatodendritic and axonal proteomes of DA neurons. Our dataset reveals the proteomic architecture underlying axonal transport, dopamine transmission, and axonal metabolism in DA neurons. We find a significant enrichment of proteins encoded by Parkinson’s disease-linked genes in dopaminergic axons, including proteins with previously undescribed axonal localization. Our proteomic datasets comprise a significant resource for axonal and DA neuronal cell biology, while the methodology developed here will enable future studies of other neural cell types.
2021-06-01 | PXD026229 | Pride
Project description:The induction of pluripotency or trans-differentiation of one cell type to another can be accomplished with cell lineage-specific transcription factors. Here we report that repression of a single RNA binding protein PTB, which occurs during normal brain development via the action of miR-124, is sufficient to induce trans-differentiation of fibroblasts into functional neurons. Besides its traditional role in regulated splicing, we show that PTB has a previously undocumented function in the regulation of microRNA functions, suppressing or enhancing microRNA targeting by competitive binding on target mRNA or altering local RNA secondary structure. A key event during neuronal induction is the relief of PTB-mediated blockage of microRNA action on multiple components of the REST complex, thereby de-repressing a large array of neuronal genes, including miR-124 and multiple neuronal-specific transcription factors, in non-neuronal cells. This converts a negative feedback loop to a positive one to elicit cellular reprogramming to the neuronal lineage.
2013-01-17 | GSE42701 | GEO
Project description:Adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) transplantation has recently emerged as a promising method in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, the mechanism underlying has not been fully illustrated. In this study, we discovered that hADSCs protected the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) induced PD mice model. Using a transwell co-culture system, we reported that, in 6-OHDA brain slice cultures, hADSCs significantly promoted host DA neuronal viability. Within the analysis of hADSCs' exocrine proteins through RNA-seq, Human protein cytokine arrays and label-free quantitative proteomics, we identified Pentraxin3 (PTX3) as a key extracellular factor in hADSCs secretion environment. Moreover, we found that human recombinant Pentraxin3 (rhPTX3) treatment could rescue the physiological behaviour of the PD mice in-vivo, as well as prevent DA neurons from death and increase the neuronal terminals in the Ventral tegmental area(VTA)+ substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatum (STR) on the PD brain slices in-vitro. Furthermore, within testing on the pro-apoptotic markers of PD mice brain following the treatment of rhPTX3, we found that rhPTX3 can prevent the apoptosis and degeneration of DA neurons. Overall, the current study investigated that PTX3, a hADSCs secreted protein, played a potential role in protecting the DA neurons from apoptosis and degeneration in PD progression and improving the motor performances in PD mice to give a possible mechanism of how hADSCs works in the cell replacement therapy in PD. Importantly, our study also provided a potential translational implications for the development of PTX3-based therapeutics in PD.
2021-06-30 | GSE163176 | GEO
Project description:The identified stromal factors SDF1alpha, sFRP1 and VEGFD induce dopaminergic neuron differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons are potentially useful for treating Parkinson’s disease (PD) through cell replacement therapy. Generation of DA neurons from hESCs has been achieved by co-culture with the stromal cell line PA6, a source of stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA). However, the factor(s) produced by stromal cells that constitute SDIA is unknown. We previously reported that medium conditioned by PA6 cells can generate functional DA neurons in the human embryonal carcinoma stem cell line, NTera2. Here we further examined the effects of PA6-conditioned medium and found that it can induce DA neuronal differentiation in both the NTera2 cell line and the hESC line, I6. To identify the factor(s) responsible for SDIA, we used large-scale microarray analysis of gene expression combined with proteomic analysis of PA6-conditioned medium. Four candidate factors (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF1alpha), secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) and vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGFD)) were identified and immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (ICE) was used to establish the protein concentration of these factors in conditioned medium. Upon addition of SDF1alpha, sFRP1, and VEGFD, we observed an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase- and TuJ1- positive cells in both the NTera2 and I6 cell lines. These results indicate that SDF1alpha, sFRP1 and VEGF-D are major components of SDIA, and suggest the potential use of these defined factors to elicit dopaminergic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells as a therapeutic intervention in PD.
2012-06-25 | GSE20503 | GEO
Project description:Neuronal conversion from human fibroblasts can be induced by lineage-specific transcription factors, holding great promise for human neurological disease modeling and regenerative medicine. However, the introduction of ectopic genes limits their therapeutic applications. Here, we report that neuronal cells could be directly induced from human fibroblasts by a chemical cocktail of seven small molecules bypassing neural progenitor stage. These chemical-induced neuronal cells (hciN cells) resembled hES-derived neurons regarding morphology, gene expression profiles, and electrophysiological properties. Our further experiments show that hciN cells were able to develop into mature neurons in vivo in embryonic mouse brain. Moreover, this approach was further applied to induce hciN cells from fibroblasts of familial Alzheimer’s disease patients and the hciN cells showed abnormal A? production. Together, we established a transgene-free chemical approach to directly induce neuronal cells from human fibroblasts, thus providing alternative strategies for modeling of related neurological diseases and regenerative medicine. We used microarray to comparethe global gene expression patterns of hES-derived neurons (control neurons), HAFs, pre-hciN cells (VCRFSGY-treated HAFs at day 3 and 7) and hciN cells (induced with VCRFSGY for 14 days) hciNs RNA samples were selected at different time points, i.e. pre-hciN cells (VCRFSGY-treated HAFs at day 3 and 7) and hciN cells (induced with VCRFSGY for 14 days), to study molecular mechanism and marker gene expression happened at the early stage of chemical induction by compared with hES-neurons (positve control) and HAFs (negtive control).
2015-07-28 | E-GEOD-69480 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The progressive loss of midbrain (MB) dopaminergic (DA) neurons defines the motor features of Parkinson disease (PD) and modulation of risk by common variation in PD has been well established through GWAS. Anticipating that a fraction of PD-associated genetic variation mediates their effects within this neuronal population, we acquired open chromatin signatures of purified embryonic mouse MB DA neurons. Correlation with >2,300 putative enhancers assayed in mice reveals enrichment for MB cis-regulatory elements (CRE), data reinforced by transgenic analyses of six additional sequences in zebrafish and mice. One CRE, within intron 4 of the familial PD gene SNCA, directs reporter expression in catecholaminergic neurons of transgenic mice and zebrafish. Sequencing of this CRE in 986 PD patients and 992 controls reveals two common variants associated with elevated PD risk. To assess potential mechanisms of action, we identify proteins whose binding is impacted by these enhancer variants. Additional genotyping across the SNCA locus identifies a single PD-associated haplotype, containing the minor alleles of both of the aforementioned PD-risk variants. Our work posits a model for how common variation at SNCA may modulate PD risk and highlights the value of cell context-dependent guided searches for functional non-coding variation.
2018-11-14 | GSE122450 | GEO