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TARGETING KRAS SIGNALING AT THREE INDEPENDENT NODES LEADS TO COMPLETE AND DURABLE PANCREATIC CANCER REGRESSION [Methylation array]

ABSTRACT: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the lowest cancer survival rates. Although KRAS oncogenes are responsible for the initiation of most PDACs, thus far KRAS inhibitors have not changed their clinical outcome. Here, we describe a therapeutic strategy that combines inhibition of three independent signaling nodes involved in downstream (RAF1), upstream (EGFR) and orthogonal (STAT3) KRAS signaling pathways. Genetic elimination and/or pharmacological inhibition/degradation of these independent nodes in orthotopic mouse tumor models results in their complete and durable regression. The efficacy of this therapeutic strategy has also been validated in several patient-derived organoid (PDO) and xenograft (PDX) PDAC tumor models using a combination of a Pan-ERBB inhibitor (Afatinib), a selective STAT3 PROTAC (SD36) and a RAF1 shRNA. Importantly, this triple strategy did not induce significant toxicities. These results open the door to the development of novel targeted therapies for PDAC patients.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE271987 | GEO | 2024/10/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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TARGETING KRAS SIGNALING AT THREE INDEPENDENT NODES LEADS TO COMPLETE AND DURABLE PANCREATIC CANCER REGRESSION [RNA-seq]

Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the lowest cancer survival rates. Although KRAS oncogenes are responsible for the initiation of most PDACs, thus far KRAS inhibitors have not changed their clinical outcome. Here, we describe a therapeutic strategy that combines inhibition of three independent signaling nodes involved in downstream (RAF1), upstream (EGFR) and orthogonal (STAT3) KRAS signaling pathways. Genetic elimination and/or pharmacological inhibition/degradation of these independent nodes in orthotopic mouse tumor models results in their complete and durable regression. The efficacy of this therapeutic strategy has also been validated in several patient-derived organoid (PDO) and xenograft (PDX) PDAC tumor models using a combination of a Pan-ERBB inhibitor (Afatinib), a selective STAT3 PROTAC (SD36) and a RAF1 shRNA. Importantly, this triple strategy did not induce significant toxicities. These results open the door to the development of novel targeted therapies for PDAC patients.

2024-10-15 | GSE271518 | GEO

Pten deficiency cooperates with KrasG12D to activate NFkB pathway promoting the development of malignant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Project description:Almost all human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are driven by oncogenic Kras and the progression of the disease is characterized by the serial appearance of certain genetic lesions. Mouse models have convincingly shown that Kras mutation induces classical PanIN lesions that can progress to PDAC in the appropriate tumor suppressor background. However, the cooperative mechanism between mutant Kras-dependent signaling surrogates and other oncogenic pathways remains to be fully elucidated in order to devise better therapeutic strategy. Mounting evidence PTEN/PI3K perturbation on PDAC tumorigenesis, we observed frequent PTEN inactivation at both genomic and histopathological levels in primary human PDAC samples. The importance of PTEN/PI3K pathway during the development of PDAC was further supported by genetic studies demonstrating that Pten deficiency in cooperation with Kras activation accelerated the formation of invasive PDAC. Mechanistically, combined Kras mutation and Pten inactivation leads to NFkB activation and subsequent induction of cytokine pathways, accompanied with strong stromal activation and immune cell infiltration. Therefore, PTEN/PI3K pathway dictates the activity of NFkB network and serves as a major surrogate during Kras-mediated pancreatic tumorigenesis. Primary pancreatic ductal epithelial cell cultures were established from 6 week old Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D L/+ (n=3) or Pdx1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D L/+;Pten L/+ (n=5) mice. Total RNA was collected from early passage cells.

2011-08-31 | E-GEOD-25828 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Pten deficiency cooperates with KrasG12D to activate NFkB pathway promoting the development of malignant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Nuclear protein (Nupr)-1 is required for pancreatic adenocarcinoma development in Pdx1-cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Ink4a/Arffl/fl mice

Project description:Nuclear Protein 1 (Nupr1) is a major actor of the cell stress response required for KrasG12D-driven formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplastic (PanINs) lesions in mice. We investigated the impact of Nupr1-depletion on the development and biology of murin pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) in the Pdx1-cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Ink4a/Arffl/fl (KIC) mice. We found that only one half of Nupr1-deficient mice developed PDAC. This is related to increased caspase 3 activity and low IER3 expression in Nupr1-deficient;KIC in the pancreas. Moreover, when Nupr1-deficient;KIC mice do develop PDAC, tumors present with impaired epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transcriptoma analysis revealed that Nupr1-deficient and Nupr1wt;KIC PDACs presented enrichment of gene signatures of the human classical- and quasi-mesenchymal (QM)-PDAC respectively. Moreover, Nupr1-deficient;KIC PDACs shared with human classical-PDACs overexpression of Kras-activation genes. In addition, cells derived from Nupr1-deficient;KIC PDACs formed fewer microspheres in vitro compared to Nupr1wt;KIC cells, indicative of stemness impairment in the absence of Nupr1. Finally, we found that Nupr1-deficient;KIC cells were more sensitive to some anticancer drugs than their Nupr1wt counterpart. Hence, this study establishes the pivotal role of Nupr1 in PDAC progression after PanIN and in PDAC EMT in vivo, with an impact in PDAC cell stemness. As a consequence, according to absence or presence of Nupr1, KIC mice develop tumors that phenocopy human classical- or QM-PDAC, respectively, thus becoming attractive models for preclinical drug trials. We investigated the impact of the homozygous deletion of the Nupr1 gene on pancreatic adenocarcinoma development and biology in the Pdx1-cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Ink4a/Arffl/fl (KIC) mouse model.

2012-12-16 | E-GEOD-42322 | biostudies-arrayexpress

YAP1 oncogene is a context-specific driver for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Project description:Transcriptomic profiling classifies pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) into several molecular subtypes with distinctive histological and clinical characteristics. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that define each subtype and how this correlates with clinical outcome. Mutant KRAS is the most prominent driver in PDAC, present in over 90% of tumors, but the dependence of tumors on oncogenic KRAS signaling varies between subtypes. In particular, squamous subtype PDACs are relatively independent of oncogenic KRAS signaling and typically display much more aggressive clinical behavior versus progenitor subtype PDACs. Here, we identified that YAP1 activation is enriched in the squamous subtype and associated with poor prognosis. Activation of YAP1 in progenitor subtype cancer cells profoundly enhanced malignant phenotypes and transformed progenitor subtype cells into squamous subtype. Conversely, depletion of YAP1 specifically suppressed tumorigenicity of squamous subtype PDAC tumors. Mechanistically, we uncovered a significant positive correlation between WNT5A expression and the YAP activation signature, and we demonstrated that WNT5A overexpression led to YAP activation and recapitulated YAP1-dependent but but Kras-independent phenotype of tumor progression and maintenance. Thus, our study identifies YAP1 oncogene as a major driver of squamous subtype PDAC and uncovers the role of WNT5A to drive PDAC malignancy via activation of the YAP pathway.

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Dual inhibition of KRASG12D and pan-ERBB is synergistic in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Project description:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer with a low survival rate. Recently, new drugs that target KRASG12D, a common mutation in PDAC, have been developed. We studied one of these compounds, MRTX1133, and found it was specific and effective at low nanomolar concentrations in patient-derived organoid models and cell lines harboring KRASG12D mutations. Treatment with MRTX1133 upregulated the expression and phosphorylation of EGFR and HER2, indicating that inhibition of ERBB signaling may potentiate MRTX1133 anti-tumor activity. Indeed, the irreversible pan-ERBB inhibitor, afatinib, potently synergized with MRTX1133 in vitro, and cancer cells with acquired resistance to MRTX1133 in vitro remained sensitive to this combination therapy. Finally, the combination of MRTX1133 and afatinib led to tumor regression and longer survival in orthotopic PDAC mouse models. These results suggest that dual inhibition of ERBB and KRAS signaling may be synergistic and circumvent the rapid development of acquired resistance in patients with KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer.

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Nuclear protein (Nupr)-1 is required for pancreatic adenocarcinoma development in Pdx1-cre;LSL-KrasG12D;Ink4a/Arffl/fl mice

2012-12-16 | GSE42322 | GEO

Differential gene expression in Fosl1 siRNA vs Control siRNA treated murine pancreatic cancer cells

Project description:A subset of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDACs) is characterized by high Fosl1 expression and Fosl1 is linked to the control of pro-inflammatory pathways and growth of PDAC cells. To mimick the human disease in mice (> 90% of PDAC patients harbour Kras mutations) the mutated LSL-KrasG12D allele was combined with the pancreas specific Cre recombinase Ptf1aCre (p48Cre). The two pancreatic cancer cell lines (Ptf1aCre, LSL-KrasG12D/+) were isolated from these mice and used for transcriptomics studies. The two different murine pancreatic cancer cell lines (Ptf1aCre, LSL-KrasG12D) were treated with two different Fosl1 siRNAs and one control siRNA, each. 72h after transfection a sufficient knockdown was tested by immunoblotting and qPCR. Total mRNA was isolated and checked for integrity. According to manufacture's recommendation the samples were subjected to microarray analysis using the Affymetrix Mouse Gene ST 1.0 array chip to discover differentially expressed genes.

2016-12-23 | E-MTAB-4299 | biostudies-arrayexpress

A subset of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas depends quantitatively on oncogenic Kras/Mek/Erk-induced hyperactive mTOR signalling

Project description:Objective Oncogenic Kras-activated robust Mek/Erk signals phosphorylate to the tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc) and deactivates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) suppression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, Mek and mTOR inhibitors alone have demonstrated minimal clinical antitumor activity. Design We generated transgenic mouse models in which mTOR was hyperactivated either through the Kras/Mek/Erk cascade, by loss of Pten or through Tsc1 haploinsufficiency. Primary cancer cells were isolated from mouse tumours. Oncogenic signalling was assessed in vitro and in vivo, with and without single or multiple targeted molecule inhibition. Transcriptional profiling was used to identify biomarkers predictive of the underlying pathway alterations and of therapeutic response. Results from the preclinical models were confirmed on human material. Results Reduction of Tsc1 function facilitated activation of Kras/Mek/Erk-mediated mTOR signalling, which promoted the development of metastatic PDACs. Single inhibition of mTOR or Mek elicited strong feedback activation of Erk or Akt, respectively. Only dual inhibition of Mek and PI3K reduced mTOR activity and effectively induced cancer cell apoptosis. Analysis of downstream targets demonstrated that oncogenic activity of the Mek/Erk/Tsc/mTOR axis relied on Aldh1a3 function. Moreover, in clinical PDAC samples, ALDH1A3 specifically labelled an aggressive subtype. Conclusions These results advance our understanding of Mek/Erk-driven mTOR activation and its downstream targets in PDAC, and provide a mechanistic rationale for effective therapeutic matching for Aldh1a3-positive PDACs.

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Use of DNA-alkylating pyrrole-imidazole polyamides for anti-cancer drug sensitivity screening in PDAC

Project description:Activating mutations of the KRAS gene are found in >90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases. However, direct pharmacological targeting of the activated KRAS protein has been challenging. We previously reported that KR12, a DNA-alkylating pyrrole-imidazole polyamide designed to recognize the KRAS G12D/V mutation, showed an anti-tumor effect in colorectal cancer. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor effect of KR12 in PDAC. We found that KR12 inhibited tumor growth in a spontaneous PDAC mouse model, although the anti-tumor activity appeared to be limited in a human PDAC xenograft model. We developed a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide screening process based on the hypothesis that genetic elements otherwise unaffected by KR12 could exert attenuating effects on KRAS-suppression-resistant PDAC. We identified RAD51 as a potential therapeutic target in human PDAC cells. A RAD51 inhibitor showed an inhibitory effect on cell growth and affected the cytotoxic activity of KR12 in PDAC cells. These data suggested that the simultaneous inhibition of RAD51 and mutant KRAS blockage would be an important therapeutic strategy for PDAC.

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