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Profiling the rat cortical single-cell transcriptome reveals the potential mechanism of specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation opening the blood-brain barrier

ABSTRACT: The existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dramatically limits the drug treatment of central nervous system diseases such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain tumors. Due to the complexity of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier, it has been challenging to develop central nervous system drug delivery strategies and reveal critical biological mechanisms. Our previous studies have confirmed that specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation (EA) can effectively open the BBB in rats. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map the cell population of rat cerebral cortex comprehensively. We identified 23 cell subsets and 8 types of cells in the brain obtained by cell annotation, and explored the potential mechanism of EA to open the blood-brain barrier by bioinformatics analysis of specific cell subsets and cell types, as well as cell communications. In summary, scRNA-seq uncovers the transcriptional changes of the cerebral cortex under EA at the single cell level; our results provide rich insights into the molecular and cellular architecture changes of the brain after EA intervention and provide a new reference for BBB material transport and its drug delivery research in health and disease, providing new potential strategies into the mechanism of BBB opening and provide essential information for designing rational treatment regimens and optimizing drug delivery.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE272895 | GEO | 2024/07/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an evolutionary conserved tissue interface that possesses potent chemical protection properties functioning to strictly modulate the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment. These same properties, including tight cellular junctions and efflux transporters, also limit access of CNS-active pharmaceuticals. For this reason, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate BBB chemical protection is of great biomedical interest. The BBB of Drosophila consists of two surface glia layers that completely surround the brain. This tissue interface contains both “tight” cellular junctions (termed septate junctions) and drug efflux transporters; thus, the Drosophila BBB can potentially serve as a model for understanding complex regulation of BBB physiology. In this study, we show reciprocal compensatory responses following disruption of critical BBB genes: deletion of the septate junction regulator Moody causes increased drug efflux and up-regulation of the P-glycoprotein ortholog Mdr65; conversely, disruption of Mdr65 expression causes increased septate junction tightness and up-regulation of Moody. We reveal these homeostatic interactions with physiologic observations, gene expression data, and anatomical images of the BBB surface. Whole brain microarray data point to responses that are consistent with our physiologic observations and these responses are likely localized to the BBB. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of a reciprocal compensatory interaction at a tissue barrier. Furthermore, this study paves the way for future studies elucidating the direct pathways that link GPCR signaling and drug transporter regulation at the BBB. The main comparisons are between WT_new, C17 (Moody null), and PMdr65 (Mdr65 null). Since WT_new were processed on a different day than C17 and PMdr65, we also included another WT sample (WT_old) to control for genes that change depending on batch effects. Since the mutants are also in a different genetic background than WT, we also included a control that is in a similar background (UAS_control).

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Profiling the rat cortical single-cell transcriptome reveals the potential mechanism of specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation opening the blood-brain barrier

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