Regulation of aquaporin-2 abundance by TAZ in the kidney collecting duct cells
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ABSTRACT: Background: The transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), a downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, regulates the expression of target genes by acting as a transcription cofactor. TAZ knockout (KO) mice exhibit polycystic kidneys and polyuria. This study aimed to investigate the role of TAZ in vasopressin-induced AQP2 regulation. Methods: 1) TAZ knockdown mediated by siRNA in mpkCCDc11 cells; 2) qRT-PCR, semiquantitative immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry of AQP2; and 3) Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in mpkCCDc11 cells, a mouse collecting duct cell line. Results: Endogenous expression of AQP2 was induced in mpkCCDc11 cells by treatment with dDAVP (10-9 M) treatment. Treatment with dDAVP (10-9 M) for 24 h increased AQP2 mRNA (12,608 ± 177% of control) and AQP2 protein levels (287 ± 15%). On the contrary, the increase induced by dDAVP in AQP2 mRNA (9,240 ± 241% of the control) and protein levels (215 ± 23%) was significantly reduced in TAZ-KD cells. TonEBP protein levels remained unchanged in TAZ-KD cells. NGS identified several potential AQP2 transcription factors (TF), including Klf6, Irf3, Cebpb, and Nr4a1, selected based on previous in silico database analysis. Among these, Nr4a1 was chosen for further investigation due to its significantly reduced expression of mRNA in TAZ-KD cells, as confirmed by qRT-PCR. Conclusion: TAZ appears to affect dDAVP-induced AQP2 trafficking through mechanisms not mediated by the cAMP/PKA pathway, suggesting the involvement of other non-canonical pathways. TAZ may also regulate AQP2 abundance, potentially through interaction with several transcription factors, including Nr4a1.
Project description:This series of microarray data contain transcript intensity of mpkCCD cells. Experiment Overall Design: The mpkCCDc14 cells were cloned into colonies with varying aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression levels in the presence of vasopressin analogy dDAVP. Transcript profiling was done for the original cells and cell clones 2, 3, 9, 10, and 11. By studying transcripts that correlate with AQP2 mRNA levels among cell clones, the objective was to identify transcripts responsible for cell-specific expression of AQP2.
Project description:Vasopressin, a peptide hormone, controls renal water excretion, largely through regulation of water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the renal collecting duct. There are two regulatory mechanisms of AQP2: 1) short-term regulation by membrane trafficking of AQP2; and 2) long-term regulation involving vasopressin-induced changes of protein abundance of AQP2 through regulation of gene transcription and protein half-life. Vasopressin binds a G protein-coupled receptor (V2R) activating several downstream signaling pathways. At downstream of V2R activation, many of transcription factors involve gene transcription process associated with status of chromatin structure. ATAC-Seq (Assay for Transpoase-Accessible Chromatin using Sequencing) is a recent technique to study chromatin accessibility (Buenrostro et al. Nat Methods 2013). We carried out ATAC-Seq following standard an ATAC-Seq protocol in mpkCCD cells treated with vehicle or dDAVP for 30 minutes.
Project description:Purpose: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized systems-based analysis of cellular pathways. The goals of this study are to identify NR4A1 targets by RNA-seq and high-throughput data analysis and verify these genes by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) methods. Methods: Jeko/Rec-1 Cas9 control and NR4A1 sgRNA stable cell lines were generated with tet-on system vector, sg RNAs were induced for 48 hours after doxycycline addition, mRNA was extracted and used for RNA sequencing. After TopHat analysis followed by Cufflinks, down/up regulated genes list was generated. qRT–PCR validation was then performed using SYBR Green assays. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow and with a fold change ≥1.3 and p value <0.05, thousands of genes were changed. Altered expression of 6 genes was then confirmed with qRT–PCR, demonstrating the high qulity of the RNA-seq method.
Project description:Vasopressin is the major hormone that regulates renal water excretion. It does so by binding to a receptor in renal collecting duct cells, triggering signaling pathways that ultimately regulate the abundance, location, and activity of the water channel protein aquaporin 2. We took an advantage of quantitative large scale proteomic technologies and oligonucleotide microarrays to quantify steady state changes in protein and transcript abundances in response to vasopressin in a collecting duct cell line, mpkCCD clone 11 (Yu et al. PNAS 2009, 106:2441-2446). This cell line originally developed by Alan Vandewalle’s group recapitulates vasopressin-mediated AQP2 expression and phosphorylation as seen in native colleting duct cells. The mpkCCD cells were grown on membrane supports to permit polarization. Once transepithelial resistance reached 5kohm per centimeter square and higher, the cells were exposed to the vasopressin V2 receptor analog, dDAVP, at a physiological concentration, 0.1nM, for 5 days. Control experiments were done with cells exposed to vehicle alone. Total RNA was harvested and processed for transcript expression analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Arrays. Each experimental treatment, vehicle and dDAVP, was repeated 3 times.
Project description:Vasopressin regulates renal water excretion by binding to the Gs-coupled vasopressin receptor (V2R) in collecting duct cells, resulting in cyclic AMP-dependent increases in epithelial water permeability through regulation of the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel. Our prior studies showed that CRISPR-mediated deletion of protein kinase A (PKA) in cultured mpkCCD cells largely eliminates these regulatory events. These PKA-null cells provide a means of identifying PKA-independent signaling downstream from the V2 receptor. We carried out large-scale quantitative protein mass spectrometry (SILAC) to identify PKA-independent phosphorylation changes in response to V2R-selective vasopressin analog, dDAVP. The results show that V2R-mediated vasopressin signaling is predominantly, but not entirely, PKA-dependent. Target motif analysis of the phosphopeptides increased in response to dDAVP in PKA-null cells indicates that the vasopressin activates of one or more members of the AMPK/SNF1 subfamily of basophilic protein kinases. Among the upregulated phosphorylation sites were three known targets of SNF1-subfamily kinases, namely Lipe (S559), Crtc1 (S151) and Arhgef2 (S151). One of the phosphorylation sites that increased in occupancy in PKA-null cells was Ser256 of AQP2, a site critical for vasopressin-mediated trafficking of AQP2 to the cell surface. Beyond this, PKA-independent active site phosphorylation changes were also seen for protein kinases Stk39 (SPAK) and Prkci (Protein kinase C iota). Cyclic AMP levels were ~10-fold higher in PKA-null than in PKA-intact cells in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX, consistent with a marked acceleration of cAMP production in PKA-null cells. The findings are indicative of substantial PKA-independent signaling downstream from the Gs-coupled V2 receptor.
Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to check signaling pathway change upon TMEM9 KD using NGS-derived retinal transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq). Methods: Retinal mRNA profiles of MDA-MB-453 WT and TMEM9 KD were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed. Results: Using GSEA analysis, we found mTOR signaling pathway was suppressed after TMEM9 KD. Conclusions: Our study revealed the signaling pathway change upon TMEM9 KD in BRCA cells.
Project description:Water permeability of the kidney collecting ducts is regulated in part by the amount of the molecular water channel protein aquaporin-2 (AQP2), whose expression, in turn, is regulated by the pituitary peptide hormone vasopressin. We previously showed that stable glucocorticoid receptor knockdown diminished the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression in the collecting duct cell model mpkCCD. Here, we investigated the pathways regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor by comparing transcriptomes of the mpkCCD cells with or without stable glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown downregulated 5,394 transcripts associated with 55 KEGG pathways including “vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption,” indicative of positive regulatory roles of these pathways in the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the downregulation of the vasopressin V2 receptor transcript upon glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown upregulated 3,785 transcripts associated with 42 KEGG pathways including the “TNF signaling pathway” and “TGFβ signaling pathway,” suggesting the negative regulatory roles of these pathways in the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the upregulation of TNF and TGFβ receptor transcripts upon glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. TNF or TGFβ inhibitor alone, in the absence of vasopressin, did not induce Aqp2 gene transcription. However, TNF or TGFβ blunted the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. In particular, TGFβ reduced vasopressin-induced increases in Akt phosphorylation without inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or interfering with vasopressin-induced apical AQP2 trafficking. In summary, our RNA-seq transcriptomic comparison revealed positive and negative regulatory pathways maintained by the glucocorticoid receptor for the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression.
Project description:Excitatory synapses occur mainly on dendritic spines, and spine density is usually correlated with the strength of excitatory synaptic transmission. We report that Nr4a1, an activity-inducible gene encoding a nuclear receptor, regulates the density and distribution of dendritic spines in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Nr4a1 overexpression resulted in elimination of the majority of spines; however, postsynaptic densities were preserved on dendritic shafts, and the strength of excitatory synaptic transmission was unaffected, showing that excitatory synapses can be dissociated from spines. mRNA expression profiling studies suggest that Nr4a1-mediated transcriptional regulation of the actin cytoskeleton contributes to this effect. Under conditions of chronically elevated activity, when Nr4a1 was induced, Nr4a1 knockdown increased the density of spines and PSDs specifically at the distal ends of dendrites. Thus, Nr4a1 is a key component of an activity-induced transcriptional program that regulates the density and distribution of spines and synapses. After 10 days in culture, dissociated mouse hippocampal neurons in 6-well plates were infected with lentivirus expressing either Flag-Nr4a1 or GFP and incubated for 6 days to allow for transgene expression. Total RNA was then isolated using RNeasy Plus kit (QIAGEN). Samples passing an mRNA quality check proceeded to quantitative analysis on Agilent-026655 4x44 Mouse Microarrays.
Project description:Purpose: The goal of this study is to identify vasopressin-regulated genes in mouse kidney collecting duct cell line mpkCCD. To explore dynamic regulation of vasoressin-mediated transcriptional regulation, transcriptome of vasopressin-treated cells at four different time points (3h, 6h, 12h, and 24h) were profiled and analyzed. Methods: Total RNAs were isolated from vasopressin-treated mpkCCD cells at different time points (3h, 6h, 12h, and 24h). Three replicates for vehicle- or vasopressin-treated group were generated at each tested time point. cDNA libraries were prepared using a Nextera DNA library preparation protocol. The sequence reads from Illumina HiSeq3000 platform were qualified and quantified at the transcript level using Salmon (0.14.1). Differential expression analysis were performed using edgeR. Results: mRNA profiles of mouse kidney collecting duct mpkCCD cells treated with vasopressin analog (dDAVP) for four different time potins (3h, 6h, 12h, and 24h) were generated using an optimized RNA-Seq workflow. Transcript level quantification using a pseudo-alignment quantification method (Salmon) was performed to calculate transcript abundance in each sample. Then differential expression analysis identified the differentially expressed genes including Aqp2 gene at each time point comparison (dDAVP vs vehicle, FDR < 0.05). In addition, several new vasopressin-responsive genes that have not been elucidated before were identified. Conclusions: This study revealed dynamic changes of vasopressin-responsive gene expression within 24 hours in mouse kidney collecting duct cells. The results from time-course transcriptome profiling identified the known vasopressin-responsive genes and several novel gene that are regulated temporally.