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NOTCH, ERK and SHH signaling respectively control the fate determination of cortical astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory bulb interneurons [CUT&Tag]

ABSTRACT: During cortical development, radial glial cells, known as neural stem cells, initially generate a large number of cortical glutamatergic pyramidal neurons through a process called neurogenesis. This is followed by the generation of a diversity of cortical astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory bulb interneurons, known as gliogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the switch from cortical neurogenesis to gliogenesis, and the subsequent fate determination of cortical astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory bulb interneurons, remain unclear. Here, we report that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling plays a fundamental role in promoting cortical gliogenesis and the generation of cortical glial progenitors. Additionally, SHH-SMO-GLI activator signaling has an auxiliary function to ERK during these processes. We further demonstrate that NOTCH signaling is absolutely required for the fate determination of astrocytes, while ERK signaling plays a prominent role in oligodendrocyte fate specification, and SHH signaling is crucial for the fate determination of olfactory bulb interneurons from cortical progenitors. We provide evidence suggesting that this mechanism is conserved in both mice and humans. Finally, we propose a unifying principle of mammalian cortical gliogenesis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE275004 | GEO | 2024/08/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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NOTCH, ERK and SHH signaling respectively control the fate determination of cortical astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory bulb interneurons

Project description:During cortical development, radial glial cells, known as neural stem cells, initially generate a large number of cortical glutamatergic pyramidal neurons through a process called neurogenesis. This is followed by the generation of a diversity of cortical astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory bulb interneurons, known as gliogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the switch from cortical neurogenesis to gliogenesis, and the subsequent fate determination of cortical astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory bulb interneurons, remain unclear. Here, we report that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling plays a fundamental role in promoting cortical gliogenesis and the generation of cortical glial progenitors. Additionally, SHH-SMO-GLI activator signaling has an auxiliary function to ERK during these processes. We further demonstrate that NOTCH signaling is absolutely required for the fate determination of astrocytes, while ERK signaling plays a prominent role in oligodendrocyte fate specification, and SHH signaling is crucial for the fate determination of olfactory bulb interneurons from cortical progenitors. We provide evidence suggesting that this mechanism is conserved in both mice and humans. Finally, we propose a unifying principle of mammalian cortical gliogenesis.

2024-08-23 | GSE274547 | GEO

Olig1/2 Coordinately Control Oligodendrocyte Versus Interneuron Fate Acquisition in Normal Brain and H3.3G34R/V-mutant Gliomas

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Project description:Mouse cortical radial glial cells (RGCs) are primary neural stem cells that give rise to cortical oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and olfactory bulb (OB) GABAergic interneurons in late embryogenesis. There are fundamental gaps in understanding how these diverse cell subtypes are generated. Here, by combining single-cell RNA-Seq with intersectional lineage analyses, we show that beginning at around E16.5, neocortical RGCs start to generate ASCL1+EGFR+ apical multipotent intermediate progenitors (MIPCs), which then differentiate into basal MIPCs that express ASCL1, EGFR, OLIG2, and MKI67. These basal MIPCs undergo several rounds of divisions to generate most of the cortical oligodendrocytes and astrocytes and a subpopulation of OB interneurons. Finally, single-cell ATAC-Seq supported our model for the genetic logic underlying the specification and differentiation of cortical glial cells and OB interneurons. Taken together, this work reveals the process of cortical radial glial cell lineage progression and the developmental origins of cortical astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

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A conserved molecular logic for neurogenesis to gliogenesis switch in the cerebral cortex [CUT&RUN 22]

Project description:During development neural stem cells (NSCs) in the cerebral cortex, also known as radial glial cells (RGCs), generate excitatory neurons, followed by production of cortical macroglia and inhibitory neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB). Understanding the mechanisms for this lineage switch is fundamental for unraveling how proper numbers of diverse neuronal and glial cell types are controlled. We and others recently showed that Shh signaling promotes cortical RGCs to switch lineage to generate cortical oligodendrocytes and OB interneurons. During this lineage switch, cortical RGCs generate intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) that express Ascl1, Egfr and Olig2, genes critically regulating gliogenesis. The timing of increased Ascl1 expression and the appearance of Egfr+ and Olig2+ cortical progenitors is concurrent with the switch from excitatory neurogenesis to gliogenesis and OB interneuron neurogenesis in the cortex. While Shh signaling promotes Olig2 expression in the developing spinal cord, the exact mechanism for this transcriptional regulation is not known. Further, the transcriptional regulation of Olig2 and Egfr has not been explored. Here we show that in cortical progenitor cells, multiple genetic programs, including Pax6 and Gli3, prevent precocious expression of Olig2, a gene essential for production of cortical oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. We identify multiple distal enhancers that control Olig2 expression in cortical progenitors and show that the mechanisms for regulating Olig2 expression are conserved between mouse and human. Our study reveals evolutionarily conserved regulatory logic controlling the lineage switch of cortical neural stem cells.

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A conserved molecular logic for neurogenesis to gliogenesis switch in the cerebral cortex [CUT&RUN]

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A conserved molecular logic for neurogenesis to gliogenesis switch in the cerebral cortex [ChIP-seq]

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A conserved molecular logic for neurogenesis to gliogenesis switch in the cerebral cortex [ATAC-seq]

2024-05-06 | GSE254689 | GEO

Olig2 Defines a Unique Subset of Neural Stem Cells That Produce Specific Olfactory Bulb Interneuron Subtypes in the Subventricular Zone of Postnatal and Adult Mice

Project description:Distinct neural stem cells reside in different regions of the subventricular zone and generate multiple olfactory bulb interneuron subtypes in the adult mouse brain. This study shows that the basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factor Olig2 defines a ventrally enriched subset of NSCs in the early postnatal and adult SVZ and plays an important role in the subtype specification of olfactory bulb interneurons produced by adult NSCs.

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Olfactory bulb gene expression profiling upon loss of Sox9 in adult astrocytes

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Profiling astrocyte spatial heterogeneity and region-specific transcription factor networks

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