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Tumorigenicity of KRAS-ablated pancreatic cancer cells requires STAT3 function

ABSTRACT: Oncogenic KRAS mutations underlie some of the deadliest human cancers. Genetic or pharmacological KRAS inactivation produces mixed outcomes, ranging from complete regression to frequent relapse. Mechanisms underpinning the resistance of cancer cells to KRAS inactivation remain to be understood. Here we investigate a conceptual framework of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma showing that CRISPR-mediated KRAS ablation impedes tumor growth contingent on the concomitant inactivation of the STAT3 transcription factor. Mechanistically, the incurred losses of KRAS and STAT3 disrupt a temporal balance between tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, and self-renewal. This in turn impairs tumor growth in mice and enhances their immune rejection, resulting in tumor clearance. Our findings identify a specific role for STAT3 in supporting cancer cell fitness with a particular focus on KRAS-inhibited tumors and provide a rationale for developing therapies targeting mutant KRAS and STAT3.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE275858 | GEO | 2025/02/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:INTRODUCTION: CDKN2A (p16) inactivation is common in lung cancer and occurs via homozygous deletions, methylation of promoter region, or point mutations. Although p16 promoter methylation has been linked to KRAS mutation and smoking, the associations between p16 inactivation mechanisms and other common genetic mutations and smoking status are still controversial or unknown. METHODS: We determined all three p16 inactivation mechanisms with the use of multiple methodologies for genomic status, methylation, RNA, and protein expression, and correlated them with EGFR, KRAS, STK11 mutations and smoking status in 40 cell lines and 45 tumor samples of primary non-small-cell lung carcinoma. We also performed meta-analyses to investigate the impact of smoke exposure on p16 inactivation. RESULTS: p16 inactivation was the major mechanism of RB pathway perturbation in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, with homozygous deletion being the most frequent method, followed by methylation and the rarer point mutations. Inactivating mechanisms were tightly correlated with loss of mRNA and protein expression. p16 inactivation occurred at comparable frequencies regardless of mutational status of EGFR, KRAS, and STK11, however, the major inactivation mechanism of p16 varied. p16 methylation was linked to KRAS mutation but was mutually exclusive with EGFR mutation. Cell lines and tumor samples demonstrated similar results. Our meta-analyses confirmed a modest positive association between p16 promoter methylation and smoking. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that all the inactivation mechanisms are truly associated with loss of gene product and identify specific associations between p16 inactivation mechanisms and other genetic changes and smoking status. 40 NSCLC cell lines were profiled on Illumina WG6-V3 expression arrays. They consist of 4 groups of 10 cell lines each: non-smokers with EGFR mutation, non-smokers with EGFR wild-type, smokers with KRAS mutation, smokers with KRAS wild-type. Note that smoking status is not always clear.

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Tumorigenicity of KRAS-ablated pancreatic cancer cells requires STAT3 function

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