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Glucocorticoids induce a maladaptive epithelial stress response to aggravate acute kidney injury [ATAC]

ABSTRACT: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and challenging clinical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. In AKI, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are a primary site of damage, and recovery from AKI depends on TEC plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation and maladaptation of TECs in AKI remain largely unclear. Here, our analyses of mouse kidney tubuloids showed that TEC injury resulted in activation of the glucocortiocoid receptor by endogenous glucocorticoids, which aggravated tubular damage. The detrimental effect of endogenous glucocorticoids on injured TECs was exacerbated by the administration of the widely clinically used synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, as indicated by experiments in mouse kidney tubuloids. Mechanistically, studies in mouse tubuloids demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor signaling in injured TECs orchestrated a maladaptive transcriptional program to hinder DNA repair and to amplify injury-induced DNA double-strand break formation, as well as to dampen mTOR activity and mitochondrial bioenergetics. This study identifies glucocortiocoid receptor activation as a mechanism of epithelial maladaptation, which is functionally important for acute kidney injury.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE276041 | GEO | 2024/09/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Glucocorticoids induce a maladaptive epithelial stress response to aggravate acute kidney injury [RNA]

Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and challenging clinical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. In AKI, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are a primary site of damage, and recovery from AKI depends on TEC plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation and maladaptation of TECs in AKI remain largely unclear. Here, our analyses of mouse kidney tubuloids showed that TEC injury resulted in activation of the glucocortiocoid receptor by endogenous glucocorticoids, which aggravated tubular damage. The detrimental effect of endogenous glucocorticoids on injured TECs was exacerbated by the administration of the widely clinically used synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, as indicated by experiments in mouse kidney tubuloids. Mechanistically, studies in mouse tubuloids demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptor signaling in injured TECs orchestrated a maladaptive transcriptional program to hinder DNA repair and to amplify injury-induced DNA double-strand break formation, as well as to dampen mTOR activity and mitochondrial bioenergetics. This study identifies glucocortiocoid receptor activation as a mechanism of epithelial maladaptation, which is functionally important for acute kidney injury.

2024-09-14 | GSE276040 | GEO

Therapeutically enabled mammalian kidney repair and regeneration

Project description:The kidney has large regenerative capacity that is impeded when injured renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) undergo SNAI1-driven partial epithelial mesenchymal transition (pEMT). Here we investigate the role of IL11 in TEC pEMT and kidney repair. Wild-type mice with acute kidney injury (AKI) upregulate IL11 in TECs triggering an ERK/P90RSK/GSK3β axis of SNAI1 expression leading to impaired renal function, which is abrogated in Il11 null mice. In mouse models of AKI, a neutralizing IL11 antibody promotes kidney regeneration, while attenuating pEMT, fibrosis and kidney dysfunction. In TECs, TGFβ1 induces autocrine IL11/ERK-dependent pEMT leading to paracrine, IL11-mediated fibroblast activation. Mice with TEC-specific deletion of Il11ra1 are protected from pEMT, inflammation, fibrosis and renal failure. In a mouse model of chronic kidney disease, administration of anti-IL11 reverses fibrosis, regenerates kidney parenchyma and restores renal function. Therapeutic inhibition of IL11 signaling appears permissive for promoting kidney regeneration and improving kidney function.

2022-11-17 | GSE199080 | GEO

Glutamine attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and prevents acute kidney damage

Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common complication in critically ill patients that is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, no effective treatment options are available. Here, we show that glutamine significantly attenuates leukocyte recruitment and inflammatory signaling in human and murine tubular epithelial cells (TECs). In a murine AKI model induced by ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) we show that glutamine causes transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming in renal TECs and neutrophils, resulting in decreased epithelial apoptosis, neutrophil recruitment and improved mitochondrial functionality and respiration provoked by an ameliorated oxidative phosphorylation. We identify the proteins glutamine gamma glutamyltransferase 2 (Tgm2) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (Ask1) as the major targets of glutamine in apoptotic signaling. Increased Tgm2 expression and reduced Ask1 activation result in decreased JNK activation leading to a diminished mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis in kidneys upon IRI-induced AKI and under hypoxia or following TNFα-treatment of TECs. Consequently, glutamine administration attenuated kidney injury in vivo during AKI progression as well as TEC viability in vitro under inflammatory and hypoxic conditions.

2023-03-11 | PXD029723 | Pride

Urinary single-cell sequencing captures intrarenal injury and repair processes in human acute kidney injury

Project description:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health issue, the outcome of which depends primarily on damage and reparative processes of tubular epithelial cells (TEC). Mechanisms underlying AKI remain incompletely understood, specific therapies are lacking and monitoring the course of AKI in clinical routine is confined to measuring urine output and plasma levels of filtration markers. Here we demonstrate feasibility and potential of a novel approach to assess the cellular and molecular dynamics of AKI by establishing a robust urine-to-single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) pipeline for excreted kidney cells via flow cytometry sorting. We analyzed 42,608 single cell transcriptomes of 40 urine samples from 32 AKI patients and compared our data with reference material from human AKI post-mortem biopsies and published mouse data. We demonstrate that TEC transcriptomes mirror intrarenal pathology and reflect distinct injury and repair processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue rearrangement. In conclusion, single cell transcriptomics of kidney cells excreted in urine provides non-invasive, unprecedented insight into cellular processes underlying AKI, thereby opening novel opportunities for target identification, AKI sub-categorization and monitoring of natural disease course and interventions.

2022-08-24 | GSE199321 | GEO

Sox9 switch links regeneration to fibrosis at the single-cell level in mammalian kidneys [snATAC-Seq]

Project description:The steps governing healing with or without fibrosis within the same microenvironment are unclear. After acute kidney injury (AKI), the injured proximal tubular epithelial cells activate Sox9 for self-restoration. Using head-to-head comparison of injury- induced Sox9-lineages via spatiotemporal mapping, single-cell sequencing, and single-nuclei chromatin accessibility profiling, we identified a dynamic SOX9 switch. Lineages that regenerated epithelia silenced SOX9 and healed without fibrosis (SOX9on-off). In contrast, lineages that maintained Sox9 activity in attempt to regenerate, demarcated by SOX9-induced Cadherin 6 (SOX9on-on CDH6pos ) cell state, generated single-cell Wnt activity to provoke a fibroproliferative response in adjacent fibroblasts, driving AKI to chronic kidney disease. Transplanted human kidneys displayed similar SOX9/CDH6/WNT2B responses post-injury. Thus, we uncovered a mechanism linking fibrosis to sustained efforts to regenerate the injured tissue.

2024-02-26 | GSE249780 | GEO

Sox9 switch links regeneration to fibrosis at the single-cell level in mammalian kidneys [RNA-Seq 2]

2024-02-26 | GSE249778 | GEO

Sox9 switch links regeneration to fibrosis at the single-cell level in mammalian kidneys [RNA-Seq 1]

2024-02-26 | GSE249777 | GEO

Sox9 switch links regeneration to fibrosis at the single-cell level in mammalian kidneys [CUT&Run]

2024-02-26 | GSE249776 | GEO

Single cell RNA sequencing of kidney tubuloids and the tissue that the tubuloids were derived from

Project description:Adult Stem Cell (ASC )-derived organoids are 3D epithelial structures that recapitulate essential aspects of their organ of origin. We have developed conditions for the long-term growth of primary kidney tubular epithelial organoids (‘tubuloids’). Cultures can be established from mouse and human kidney tissue, as well as from urine and can be expanded for at least 20 passages (> 6 months). The structures retain a normal number of chromosomes. Human tubuloids represent proximal as well as distal nephron segments, as evidenced by gene expression, immunofluorescence and tubular functional analyses. BK virus infection of tubuloids recapitulates in vivo phenomena. "Tumoroids" can be established from Wilms nephroblastoma. Kidney tubuloids from urine from a subject with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) allows ex vivo assessment of treatment efficacy. Finally, tubuloids cultured on microfluidic organ-on-a-chip plates adopt a tubular conformation and display active (trans-)epithelial transport function. Adult kidney-derived epithelial tubuloids allow studies of hereditary, infectious and malignant kidney disease in a personalized fashion.

2018-12-20 | GSE107794 | GEO

Bulk RNA sequencing of kidney tubuloids and the tissue that the tubuloids were derived from

2018-12-20 | GSE107793 | GEO

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