Effect of genetic deletion of Gsdmd on mice fed an oxalate rich-diet
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE279923 | GEO | 2025/04/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the executioner of pyroptosis, which is important for host defense against pathogen infection. After activation, caspase-mediated cleavage of GSDMD liberates an N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-NT), which oligomerizes and forms pores in the plasma membrane, leading to cell death and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines. How this process is spatiotemporally controlled to promote pyroptosis in cells has been a fundamental, unaddressed question. Here, we identify GSDMD as a substrate for reversible S-palmitoylation on cysteine 192 (Cys192) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We found that the palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC7palmitoylates GSDMD to direct its cleavage by caspases in pyroptosis by promoting the interaction of GSDMD and caspases. We further show that after GSDMD cleavage, palmitoylation of GSDMD-NTpromotes its plasma membrane translocation and binding, and then acyl protein thioesterase 2 (APT2) depalmitoylates GSDMD-NT to unmask the Cys192 residue to promote oxidation-mediated oligomerization and pyroptosis. Perturbation of either palmitoylation or depalmitoylation suppresses pyroptosis, extends the survival of mice from LPS-induced lethal septic shock and sensitizes mice to bacterial infection. Thus. our findings reveal a model through which a palmitoylation-depalmitoylationrelay spatially and temporally controls GSDMD activation in pyroptosis.
2024-02-25 | GSE252911 | GEO
Project description:Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the executioner of pyroptosis, which is important for host defense against pathogen infection. After activation, caspase-mediated cleavage of GSDMD liberates an N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-NT), which oligomerizes and forms pores in the plasma membrane, leading to cell death and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines. How this process is spatiotemporally controlled to promote pyroptosis in cells has been a fundamental, unaddressed question. Here, we identify GSDMD as a substrate for reversible S-palmitoylation on cysteine 192 (Cys192) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We found that the palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC7palmitoylates GSDMD to direct its cleavage by caspases in pyroptosis by promoting the interaction of GSDMD and caspases. We further show that after GSDMD cleavage, palmitoylation of GSDMD-NTpromotes its plasma membrane translocation and binding, and then acyl protein thioesterase 2 (APT2) depalmitoylates GSDMD-NT to unmask the Cys192 residue to promote oxidation-mediated oligomerization and pyroptosis. Perturbation of either palmitoylation or depalmitoylation suppresses pyroptosis, extends the survival of mice from LPS-induced lethal septic shock and sensitizes mice to bacterial infection. Thus. our findings reveal a model through which a palmitoylation-depalmitoylationrelay spatially and temporally controls GSDMD activation in pyroptosis.
2024-02-25 | GSE252893 | GEO
Project description:Effect of genetic deletion of Gsdmd on mice fed an oxalate rich-diet
| PRJNA1175545 | ENA
Project description:Cell death plays a critical role in inflammatory responses. During pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases cleave Gasdermin D (GSDMD) to release an N-terminal fragment that generates plasma membrane pores that mediate cell lysis and IL-1 release. However, certain stimuli and cell types release IL-1 cytokines through GSDMD pores in cells that remain viable, a process termed hyperactivation. How these distinct cell fate choices are regulated downstream of GSDMD pore formation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the Card19 locus promotes lysis downstream of caspase activation. Despite being largely protected from cell death, CARD19-deficient macrophages had no defect in caspase activation, IL-1 secretion, or GSDMD cleavage. CARD19, a mitochondrial protein, was not responsible for the observed phenotypes, nor was the recently identified pore forming protein NINJ1 which regulates terminal pore formation during multiple forms of cell death. Furthermore, previously identified cell death phenotypes attributed to Sterile alpha and heat Armadillo motif-containing protein (SARM) were revealed to be caused by a passenger mutation. Importantly, Card19-/ mice had increased susceptibility to Yersinia infection, including increased mortality, higher bacterial burdens and pronounced splenomegaly. These findings implicate the Card19 locus as a factor that couples caspase processing and GSDMD cleavage to cell death, providing insight into how the checkpoint between hyperactivation and cell death is regulated.
2021-03-21 | GSE168489 | GEO
Project description:The NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β are essential for scleroderma pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the role of pyroptosis executor gasdermin D(GSDMD), which is a downstream molecule of NLRP3 and is required for IL-1β release in some situations, has not yet been well elucidated in scleroderma. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in the degree of skin fibrosis between GSDMD-/- and wild type mice in a bleomycin-induced scleroderma model, and the molecular pathways that may be involved.Total RNA from skin biopsies from GSDMD-/- and wild type mice after subcutaneous injection of BLM to induce skin fibrosis was examined by nextGen RNA sequencing
2022-02-16 | GSE196637 | GEO
Project description:Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) is cleaved by caspase-1/4/11 in response to canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation. Upon cleavage, GSDMD oligomerizes and forms membrane pores, resulting in IL-1β secretion, pyroptotic cell death and inflammatory pathologies including periodic fever syndromes and septic shock â a plague on modern medicine. The transcriptional machinery that drives the expression of GSDMD is unknown. Here we show that IRF2, a member of the interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) family, is essential for the transcriptional activation of GSDMD. A forward genetic screen with ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mutagenized mice unequivocally linked IRF2 to inflammasome signaling. Indeed, GSDMD transcript levels were highly attenuated in Irf2â/â macrophages upon Irf2 deficiency in macrophages, endothelial cells, and multiple organs, corresponding to attenuated IL-1β secretion and inhibited pyroptosis. Mechanistically, IRF2 binds a previously uncharacterized site within the GSDMD promoter to directly drive GSDMD transcription for execution of pyroptosis in response to canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation. Our data illuminate a prominent transcriptional mechanism for the expression of GSDMD, a key mediator of inflammatory pathologies.
2019-05-21 | GSE130195 | GEO
Project description:Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is on the rise, and with limited pharmacological therapy available, identification of new metabolic targets is urgently needed. Oxalate is a terminal metabolite produced from glyoxylate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA). The liver-specific alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) detoxifies glyoxylate, preventing oxalate accumulation. We report that AGXT is suppressed and LDHA is activated in livers from patients and mice with MASH, leading to oxalate overproduction. In turn, oxalate promotes steatosis in hepatocytes by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) transcription and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and induces monocyte chemotaxis via C-C motif chemokine ligand 2. In male mice with diet-induced MASH, blocking oxalate overproduction through hepatocyte-specific AGXT overexpression or pharmacological inhibition of LDHA potently lower steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by inducing PPARα-driven FAO, and suppressing monocyte chemotaxis, nuclear factor-kappaB and transforming growth factor-beta targets. These findings highlight hepatic oxalate overproduction as a new target for the treatment of MASH.
2024-08-07 | GSE265985 | GEO
Project description:The process of pyroptosis is mediated by inflammasomes and a downstream effector known as gasdermin D (GSDMD). Upon cleavage by inflammasome-associated caspases, the N-terminal domain of GSDMD forms membrane pores that promote cytolysis. Numerous proteins promote GSDMD cleavage, but none are known to be required for pore formation after GSDMD cleavage. Herein, we report a forward genetic screen that identified the Ragulator-Rag complex as being necessary for GSDMD pore formation and pyroptosis in macrophages. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Ragulator-Rag is not required for GSDMD cleavage upon inflammasome activation, but rather promotes GSDMD oligomerization in the plasma membrane. Defects in GSDMD oligomerization and pore formation can be rescued by mitochondrial poisons that stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ROS modulation impacts the ability of inflammasome pathways to promote pore formation downstream of GSDMD cleavage. These findings reveal an unexpected link between key regulators of immunity (inflammasome-GSDMD) and metabolism (Ragulator-Rag).
2021-06-29 | GSE179089 | GEO
Project description:The establishment of an early pro-regenerative niche is crucial for tissue regeneration. Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis accounts for the release of inflammatory cytokines upon various insults. However, little is known about its role in tissue regeneration followed by homeostatic maintenance. Here, we show that macrophage GSDMD deficiency delayed tissue recovery, with little impact on the local inflammatory milieu or the lytic pyroptosis process. Metabolite secretome profiling of hyperactivated macrophages unveiled the non-canonical metabolite-secreting function of GSDMD. And we further identified 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) as a bioactive pro-healing oxylipin, secreted from hyperactive macrophages in a GSDMD-dependent manner. Indeed, accumulation of 11,12-EET by direct supplementation or deletion of its hydrolytic enzyme Ephx2 accelerated muscle regeneration. We further demonstrated that the Ephx2 level accumulated within aged muscle, which led to a decreased intramuscular 11,12-EET level. And consecutive 11,12-EET treatment rejuvenated aged muscle. Mechanistically, 11,12-EET amplifies fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF-FGFR) signaling by modulating FGF liquid-liquid phase separation, hence boosting the activation and proliferation of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). These data depict a GSDMD-guided metabolite crosstalk between macrophages and MuSCs that governs the repair process, which offers new therapeutic insights for the regeneration of injured or aged tissues.
2024-07-29 | GSE250049 | GEO
Project description:Pyroptosis—inflammatory cell death mediated by gasdermins (GSDM)—plays crucial roles in antimicrobial defense and inflammatory diseases. Pyroptosis results in the release of proinflammatory molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, our understanding of the consequences of pyroptosis—especially beyond IL-1 cytokines and DAMPs—that govern inflammation is limited. Here, we show intercellular propagation of pyroptosis from dying cells to bystander cells in vitro and in vivo. We identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by pyroptosing cells as the propagator of lytic death to naïve cells, triggering inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Remarkably, DNA-PAINT super-resolution and immunoelectron microscopical analyses revealed the presence of GSDMD nanostructures, such as pores, on EVs released by pyroptotic cells. Importantly, the transplantation of these GSDMD pores on adjacent cells’ plasma membrane by EVs causes cell-extrinsic lysis of bystanders. Overall, our findings demonstrate that cell-to-cell vesicular transplantation of GSDMD pores disseminates pyroptosis, revealing a domino-like effect shaping disease-associated bystander cell death.
2025-01-07 | GSE277224 | GEO