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Macrophage-KLF6 signaling promotes experimental atherogenesis

ABSTRACT: Cardiovascular disease accounts for one in every four deaths in the United States and is the single largest cause of mortality around the world. The most common cause of cardiovascular-related deaths are due to development of occlusive atherosclerotic plaques. A hallmark event in the development of atherosclerotic plaque is the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages in the subendothelial layers of affected blood vessels. Macrophages are key players in all stages of atherogenesis, including plaque initiation, growth, rupture, as well as healing of ruptured plaques. In this context, macrophages are the principal innate immune cells that modulate atherogenesis by engaging in various processes such as inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis. Here, we report that macrophage Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) deficiency attenuates pro-inflammatory gene expression and experimentally induced atherosclerotic plaque development. Our in vivo studies show that myeloid-KLF6 deficiency on Apoe-null background significantly curtails high-fat/high-cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerotic lesion formation and macrophage abundance in atherosclerotic plaques. Integrated transcriptomics and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis show that KLF6 deficiency significantly attenuates a large number of TNF-induced gene targets, and TNF-induced IFN response, IFN response, and inflammatory response signaling in macrophages. At the molecular level, KLF6 promotes IRF1 signaling to enhance TNF-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. Collectively, our analyses show that KLF6 promotes pro-inflammatory gene expression in macrophages and boosts experimentally induced atherosclerotic plaque formation in vivo.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE283475 | GEO | 2025/03/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Regression of atherosclerosis is an important clinical goal, however the pathways that mediate the resolution of atherosclerotic inflammation and reversal of plaques are poorly understood. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to be atheroprotective, however numbers of these immunosuppressive cells decrease with disease progression. Using multiple independent mouse models of atherosclerosis regression, we demonstrate that an increase in plaque Tregs is a common signature of regressing plaques. To test if Tregs are required for the resolution of atherosclerotic inflammation and plaque regression during lipid-lowering therapy, we combined CD25 monoclonal antibody (PC61 mAb)-mediated Treg depletion with single-cell RNA-sequencing of immune cells in the plaque and conventional analyses of atherosclerosis. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that Tregs from aortic plaques shared some similarity with splenic Tregs, but were distinct from skin and colon Tregs supporting recent findings of tissue-dependent Treg heterogeneity. Furthermore, Tregs from progressing plaques expressed markers of natural Tregs derived from the thymus, whereas Tregs in regressing plaques lacked Nrp1 and Helios expression, suggesting that they are induced in the periphery during lipid lowering. Treatment of atherosclerotic mice with PC61 mAb effectively depleted Tregs in the blood and peripheral tissues, including plaques, and blocked the regression of atherosclerosis induced by apoB anti-sense oligonucleotides. Morphometric analyses revealed that control antibody-treated mice showed a 40% decrease in plaque burden and macrophage content under regression conditions, whereas PC61 mAb-treated mice showed no change in plaque size or inflammatory cell content compared to baseline. Moreover, Treg depletion enhanced inflammatory signaling and blocked tissue reparative functions of macrophages in the regressing plaque, including M2-polarization, efferocytosis and sensing of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Together, these data establish essential roles for Tregs in the resolution of atherosclerotic inflammation and plaque remodeling during regression.

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Macrophage-KLF6 signaling promotes experimental atherogenesis

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