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Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE284385 | GEO | 2025/01/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance [scRNA-Seq]

Project description:Macrophages were identified in the pituitary gland long ago, but until recently, we lacked the resolution to comprehensively profile the pituitary gland macrophage compartment. To address this, we examined the developmental kinetics and distinctive characteristics of pituitary macrophages within the developing and homeostatic gland. Whole pituitary glands were collected from newborn (NB) to adult (8 weeks old) wild-type (WT) mice. Our analysis revealed diverse macrophage subsets with marked differences in gene expression profiles and spatial localization, undergoing dynamic phenotypic changes from neonatal stages to adulthood. We observed distinct transcriptional profiles between macrophage subpopulations in the anterior and posterior lobes, underscoring significant molecular divergences. Fate-mapping analyses showed that pituitary macrophages originate from early yolk sac precursors and persist throughout life primarily through local proliferation, even under pathophysiological conditions.

2025-01-03 | GSE284051 | GEO

Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance [bulk RNA-Seq]

2025-01-03 | GSE284384 | GEO

Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance

Project description:Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance

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Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance [scRNA-Seq]

Project description:Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance [scRNA-Seq]

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Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance [bulk RNA-Seq]

Project description:Early precursor-derived pituitary gland tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in modulating hormonal balance [bulk RNA-Seq]

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Bone marrow-derived macrophages distinct from tissue-resident macrophages play a pivotal role in Concanavalin A-induced murine liver injury via CCR9 axis.

Project description:The fundamental mechanism how heterogeneous hepatic macrophage (M?) subsets fulfill diverse functions in health and disease has not been elucidated. We recently reported that CCR9(+) inflammatory M?s play a critical role in the course of acute liver injury. To clarify the origin and differentiation of CCR9(+)M?s, we used a unique partial bone marrow (BM) chimera model with liver shielding for maintaining hepatic resident M?s. First, irradiated mice developed less liver injury with less M?s accumulation by Concanavalin A (Con A) regardless of liver shielding. In mice receiving further BM transplantation, CD11b(low)F4/80(high) hepatic-resident M?s were not replaced by transplanted donors under steady state, while under inflammatory state by Con A, CCR9(+)M?s were firmly replaced by donors, indicating that CCR9(+)M?s originate from BM, but not from hepatic-resident cells. Regarding the mechanism of differentiation and proliferation, EdU(+)CCR9(+)M?s with a proliferative potential were detected specifically in the inflamed liver, and in vitro study revealed that BM-derived CD11b(+) cells co-cultured with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) or stimulated with retinoic acids could acquire CCR9 with antigen-presenting ability. Collectively, our study demonstrates that inflammatory M?s originate from BM and became locally differentiated and proliferated by interaction with HSCs via CCR9 axis during acute liver injury.

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Tissue-resident macrophages promote extracellular matrix homeostasis in the mammary gland stroma of nulliparous mice.

Project description:Tissue-resident macrophages in the mammary gland are found in close association with epithelial structures and within the adipose stroma, and are important for mammary gland development and tissue homeostasis. Macrophages have been linked to ductal development in the virgin mammary gland, but less is known regarding the effects of macrophages on the adipose stroma. Using transcriptional profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing approaches, we identify a distinct resident stromal macrophage subpopulation within the mouse nulliparous mammary gland that is characterized by the expression of Lyve-1, a receptor for the extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronan. This subpopulation is enriched in genes associated with ECM remodeling and is specifically associated with hyaluronan-rich regions within the adipose stroma and fibrous capsule of the virgin mammary gland. Furthermore, macrophage depletion leads to enhanced accumulation of hyaluronan-associated ECM in the adipose-associated stroma, indicating that resident macrophages are important for maintaining homeostasis within the nulliparous mammary gland stroma.

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Loss of cytokine-STAT5 signaling in the CNS and pituitary gland alters energy balance and leads to obesity.

Project description:Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are critical components of cytokine signaling pathways. STAT5A and STAT5B (STAT5), the most promiscuous members of this family, are highly expressed in specific populations of hypothalamic neurons in regions known to mediate the actions of cytokines in the regulation of energy balance. To test the hypothesis that STAT5 signaling is essential to energy homeostasis, we used Cre-mediated recombination to delete the Stat5 locus in the CNS. Mutant males and females developed severe obesity with hyperphagia, impaired thermal regulation in response to cold, hyperleptinemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, central administration of GM-CSF mediated the nuclear accumulation of STAT5 in hypothalamic neurons and reduced food intake in control but not in mutant mice. These results demonstrate that STAT5 mediates energy homeostasis in response to endogenous cytokines such as GM-CSF.

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Cocaine-and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) Peptide Is Expressed in Precursor Cells and Somatotropes of the Mouse Pituitary Gland.

Project description:Cocaine-and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) peptide is expressed in the brain, endocrine and neuroendocrine systems and secreted into the serum. It is thought to play a role in regulation of hypothalamic pituitary functions. Here we report a spatial and temporal analysis of Cart expression in the pituitaries of adult and developing normal and mutant mice with hypopituitarism. We found that Prop1 is not necessary for initiation of Cart expression in the fetal pituitary at e14.5, but it is required indirectly for maintenance of Cart expression in the postnatal anterior pituitary gland. Pou1f1 deficiency has no effect on Cart expression before or after birth. There is no 1:1 correspondence between CART and any particular cell type. In neonates, CART is detected primarily in non-proliferating, POU1F1-positive cells. CART is also found in some cells that express TSH and GH suggesting a correspondence with committed progenitors of the POU1F1 lineage. In summary, we have characterized the normal temporal and cell specific expression of CART in mouse development and demonstrate that postnatal CART expression in the pituitary gland requires PROP1.

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Pituitary Gland: Normal Function and Assessment.

Project description:IntroductionThis computer-based, interactive module introduces preclinical medical students to normal pituitary function and outlines its assessment. Solid understanding of these topics is requisite to learning clinical disorders of the pituitary. Existing resources largely target learners at earlier or later stages of training; thus, we created this resource to address needs of medical students during a first- or second-year endocrine course.MethodsA module format was selected to promote interactive, independent learning. Two cohorts of medical students completed the 40-minute module: 172 second-year students who had completed a year of basic sciences in the traditional curriculum and 180 foundation-phase students in a three-semester combined basic and clinical sciences curriculum (due to a change in the medical school curriculum at our institution). In both instances, the module was completed before start of clinical pituitary content. A static set of PowerPoint slides accompanied the module to facilitate note taking. Test Your Knowledge slides were inserted to ensure grasp of key terms/concepts before moving to subsequent slides. A short question-and-answer session was held following module completion to clarify points of confusion.ResultsStudents rated effectiveness of the module as 4.6 out of 5, commenting on its clarity, organization, high-yield nature, and utility in preparing for clinical material. Faculty noted greater understanding of foundational pituitary principles and more engaging discussions. The percentage of pituitary-related questions answered correctly on the midterm exam increased.DiscussionThe success of the pituitary module prompted development of adrenal, thyroid, and parathyroid modules that now comprise the Endocrine Organs Introduction Series in our curriculum.

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