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Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived urea cycle metabolites promote colorectal cancer growth

ABSTRACT: Urea cycle (UC) dysfunction is linked to both tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in multiple cancers. However, the role of UC metabolism in tumor-stroma crosstalk is unclear. Here, we show that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells induce reprogramming of UC metabolism in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which is mediated by CRC-derived exosomes. Reprogrammed CAFs support CRC cell growth by providing UC metabolites, especially arginine (Arg). Consequently, Arg deprivation resulted in growth inhibition of CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that Arg deprivation increases CRC’s dependence on putrescine (Put) and upregulates the expression of the polyamine biosynthetic rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Combined Arg deprivation and ODC inhibitor effectively restrains CRC cell growth. Our study illustrates the UC metabolic interaction between CAFs and CRC cells and demonstrates the potential therapeutic utility of Arg restriction and ODC blockade combination treatment for colorectal cancer.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE285472 | GEO | 2025/01/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Polyamines are aliphatic polycations that have emerged as important determinants of cell growth and viability in rapidly proliferating cells, including in the pathogenic protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. In L. donovani, the polyamine spermidine is synthesized by the successive conversion of ornithine into putrescine (catalyzed by ornithine decarboxylase or ODC) and putrescine into spermidine (catalyzed by spermidine synthase or SPDSYN). Deletion of either ODC (del-odc) or SPDSYN (del-spdsyn) from the L. donovani genome renders these parasites auxotrophic for polyamines and these mutants are impaired in their ability to survive both in culture and within the mammalian host without the addition of exogenous polyamine supplementation. Significantly, del-odc parasites immediately cease proliferation after putrescine is removed from the culture media and perish within two weeks, while spermidine starved del-spdsyn mutants, which retain intracellular putrescine pools, show a slow-growth phenotype, and persist for several weeks in culture. To elucidate the key differences within the proteome of putrescine-starved del-odc cells and spermidine-starved del-spdsyn parasites, a shotgun quantitative proteomics approach was undertaken using TMT labeling and LC-MS/MS analysis. Briefly, three biological replicates each for mid-log phase del-odc and del-spdsyn promastigotes grown in the presence of exogenous putrescine (for del-odc) or spermidine (for del-spdsyn) supplementation were washed to remove the exogenous polyamine supplementation and incubated in polyamine-free media. At 24 and 48 h, cells from each biological replicate were isolated and prepared for tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and downstream LC-MS/MS analyses. Peptides were identified using a database generated from the reference genome of L. donovani BPK282A1 strain. Changes in relative protein abundance for the polyamine-starved del-odc and del-spdsyn cell lines at 24 and 48 h were calculated by comparing aggregate total reporter ion intensities for each protein to that of the corresponding polyamine-supplemented 0-h timepoint.

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Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived urea cycle metabolites promote colorectal cancer growth

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