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An expression microarray approach for the identification of candidate metastable epialleles in the mouse genome

ABSTRACT: Genetic loci displaying environmentally responsive epigenetic marks, termed metastable epialleles, offer a solution to the paradox presented by genetically identical yet phenotypically distinct individuals. The murine viable yellow agouti (Avy) locus is a well-described metastable epiallele that serves as a visual epigenetic biosensor. The Avy locus exhibits a high R-value or ratio of inter-individual (Vi) to inter-tissue (Vt) variance in gene expression, characteristic of what we term the ‘Agouti Expression Fingerprint.’ We propose a novel method for identification of candidate metastable epialleles based on the Agouti Expression Fingerprint, defining candidates as loci with R-values greater than 1.5 on expression microarray. Using Expression data from tissues of the three germ layers (liver, kidney, brain), high variance in agouti RNA levels among isogenic animals coupled with low variance among tissue types in individual animals is demonstrated. Here, we provide proof of concept for the ‘Agouti Expression Fingerprint’; the characterization of epigenetically labile loci in humans will be crucial to the development of novel screening and therapeutic targets for human disease prevention.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE28559 | GEO | 2011/07/15

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA139039

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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An expression microarray approach for the identification of candidate metastable epialleles in the mouse genome

Project description:Genetic loci displaying environmentally responsive epigenetic marks, termed metastable epialleles, offer a solution to the paradox presented by genetically identical yet phenotypically distinct individuals. The murine viable yellow agouti (Avy) locus is a well-described metastable epiallele that serves as a visual epigenetic biosensor. The Avy locus exhibits a high R-value or ratio of inter-individual (Vi) to inter-tissue (Vt) variance in gene expression, characteristic of what we term the ‘Agouti Expression Fingerprint.’ We propose a novel method for identification of candidate metastable epialleles based on the Agouti Expression Fingerprint, defining candidates as loci with R-values greater than 1.5 on expression microarray. Using Expression data from tissues of the three germ layers (liver, kidney, brain), high variance in agouti RNA levels among isogenic animals coupled with low variance among tissue types in individual animals is demonstrated. Here, we provide proof of concept for the ‘Agouti Expression Fingerprint’; the characterization of epigenetically labile loci in humans will be crucial to the development of novel screening and therapeutic targets for human disease prevention. For expression microarray studies, total RNA was isolated from liver, kidney, and brain tissue from 10 male Avy/a mice (2 per each of the 5 coat color classes) at time of weaning and coat color determination (day 22). Using Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 2.0 arrays (Santa Clara, CA), we queried the entire mouse genome for candidate metastable epialleles that display the Agouti Fingerprint. Approximately 100 of the greater than 40,000 transcripts on the mouse array displayed an expression pattern characterized as high inter-individual variation coupled with low inter-tissue variation (R-value > 1.5).

2011-07-14 | E-GEOD-28559 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genetic and epigenetic variation among inbred littermates: identification of metastable epialleles in the mouse

Project description:Genomic DNA was extracted from the livers of 5 22week old male mice, bisulfite converted and sequenced to ~30x coverage. The mice were obtained from two litters from an inbred agouti viable yellow colony. The individuals were isogenic but differed in their coat phenotype with one having a yellow coat, one a psuedoagouti coat and the remaining were phenotypically C57/BL6. The resulting DNA metylation profiles were investigated for individual differences in DNA methylation, including the identificaiton of novel metastable epialleles.

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In utero lead (Pb) exposure and neuron-specific DNA methylation in mice

Project description:Lead (Pb) exposure is associated with a wide range of neurological deficits. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, may be impacted by environmental exposures and can affect neurodevelopmental outcomes over the life-course. Mating mice were obtained from a C57BL/6J background agouti Avy strain. Virgin dams (a/a) were randomly assigned exposure to 2.1 ppm (low) or 32 ppm (high) Pb-acetate through the drinking water, started two weeks prior to mating with viable yellow agouti male mice (Avy/a) and continued throughout gestation and three weeks after birth. At 10 months of age, we separated brain NeuN+ (a marker for neuronal nuclei) neuronal nuclei from NeuN non-neuronal nuclei in mice. We investigated neuron specific genome-wide promoter DNA methylation associated with early-life Pb exposures using the Roche NimbleGen Mouse DNA methylation 3x720K CpG island Promoter Array.

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Differentially Expressed Genes in the Skin of Tumor Susceptible K14-Agouti Transgenic Mice

Project description:The mouse agouti gene is normally expressed in the skin and regulates coat color pigmentation. Dominant regulatory mutations in the agouti gene, such as viable-yellow (Avy), cause ubiquitous over-expression of the wild-type gene product in every tissue in the body. As a result of this altered agouti expression, viable-yellow mice have solid yellow hair, they are obese and diabetic, and they have increased susceptibility to spontaneous and chemically induced tumors in a wide variety of tissues (e.g., skin, lung, liver, mammary gland and urinary bladder). Additionally, liver-specific expression of the agouti gene was shown to promote hepatocellular carcinogenesis, even in the absence of obesity and diabetes. Our lab recently extended these findings to show that the agouti gene also promotes skin cancer in the absence of obesity and diabetes. In K14-Agouti transgenic mice, the wild-type agouti gene is over-expressed in the skin under the regulatory control of the keratin 14 (K14) promoter. Over-expression of agouti in the skin results in yellow coat color without the obesity and diabetes. In two-stage skin carcinogenesis experiments the agouti protein was shown to act as a tumor promoter since it promotes the development of skin tumors in the K14-Agouti transgenic mice, but only after the skin was initiated with a single dose of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthrance (DMBA). These experiments set the stage for determining the mechanism of action of agouti protein in tumor promotion, which remains completely uncharacterized. As a first step in determining the role of agouti in skin cancer, we used cDNA microarray and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) analysis to identify and validate a set of differentially expressed genes in the skin of K14-Agouti transgenic mice at the promotion stage of carcinogenesis. Keywords: promotion stage of carcinogenesis, biological replicates,

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Donor-cell memory confers metastable state of directly converted cells

Project description:How the phenotypic instability of directly converted cells influences in vivo functional consequences is largely unknown. Here we show that the directly converted iOPCs exhibit a metastable state, such that they can progress to mature oligodendrocytes or revert back to the donor-cell type in a context-dependent fashion. Thus, therapeutic use of such cells will require a more detailed understanding of mechanisms by which the fate of directly converted cells may be rendered durable.

2022-09-13 | GSE137907 | GEO

Mus musculus

Project description:An expression microarray approach for the identification of candidate metastable epialleles in the mouse genome

| PRJNA139039 | ENA

DUX4 expression in cancer induces a metastable early embryonic totipotent program

Project description:The transcription factor DUX4 regulates a portion of the zygotic gene activation (ZGA) program in the early embryo. Many cancers express DUX4 but it is unknown whether this generates cells similar to early embryonic stem cells. Here we identify cancer cell lines that express DUX4 and show that DUX4 is transiently expressed in a small subset of the cells. DUX4 expression activates the ZGA transcriptional program, the subsequent 8C-like program, and markers of early embryonic lineages; while suppressing steady-state and interferon-induced MHC class I expression. Although DUX4 was expressed in a small number of cells under standard culture conditions, DNA damage or changes in growth conditions dramatically increased the fraction of cells expressing DUX4 and its downstream programs. Demonstrating that the transient expression of endogenous DUX4 in cancer cells induces a metastable early embryonic stem cell program and suppresses antigen presentation has implications for cancer growth, progression, and immune evasion.

2023-08-09 | GSE223848 | GEO

Metastable pluripotent states in NOD mouse derived ES cells

Project description:Embryonic stem (ES) cells are isolated from the inner cell mass (ICM) of developing blastocysts, whereas epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are derived from the post-implantation epiblast and are characterized by a restricted developmental potential. Although certain mouse strains, such as the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, are considered “non-permissive” for ES cell derivation, they retain the capacity to generate EpiSCs. Using the NOD strain as a model, we characterized the stability of pluripotent states in cells generated by ICM explantation or direct in vitro reprogramming. We find that ES-like NOD stem cells can be captured in both approaches by providing exogenous constitutive expression of Klf4 or c-Myc transcription factors or small molecules that can replace these factors during in vitro reprogramming. The fully pluripotent NOD ES and iPS cells appear “metastable”, as the cells acquire an alternative EpiSC-like identity after removal of the exogenous factors, while reintroduction of these factors converts the cells back to ICM-like pluripotency. Our findings suggest that stem cells from different genetic backgrounds can assume distinct states of pluripotency in vitro, the stability of which is regulated by endogenous genetic determinants and can be modified by the continuous presence of defined exogenous factors. Gene expression profiling was performed in mouse ES, EpiSC and EpiSC-like cell lines.

2009-04-09 | E-GEOD-15603 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Homo sapiens

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Epigenetic memory marks determine epiallele stability at loci targeted by de novo DNA methylation

Project description:The transgenerational stability of DNA methylation changes is important in setting up genomic DNA methylation patterns and in the formation and transmission of epialleles. It is generally assumed that DNA methylation changes at genomic regions targeted by the de novo, RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway are unstable. Here, we show that RdDM targets in Arabidopsis can be classified into two groups based on their transgenerational epiallele stability following restoration of NRPD1 function in nrpd1 mutant plants: remethylable loci and non-remethylable loci. Compared to the remethylable loci, non-remethylable ones contain higher levels of the euchromatic marks H3K4me3 and H3K18ac, which interferes with the recruitment of the RdDM molecular machinery and helps to recruit the DNA demethylase ROS1 to antagonize RdDM, respectively. Using targeted de-methylation by CRISPR/dCas9-TET1, we demonstrate that mCG and mCHG are memory marks required for targeting the RdDM machinery to remethylable loci. Our results show that histone and DNA methylation marks are critical in determining the capacity of RdDM target loci to form stable epialleles, and contribute to understanding the formation and transmission of epialleles.

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