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RNA-Seq of Chicken Embryo Liver Reveals Transcriptional Pathways Influenced by Egg Formaldehyde Treatment

ABSTRACT: Hatchery fumigation is recognized as a crucial step to control the microbial bloom in the environment and formaldehyde is one of the most widely used disinfectants, to ensure successful hatchability and healthy production. Although in humans its usage is strictly regulated in many developed countries due to its carcinogenic properties, FA remains widely used in poultry hatcheries. Recent studies have shown it also poses significant risks to poultry health and performance. Yet, the impact of formaldehyde fumigation at molecular and cellular levels is not studied in poultry. The current study aimed to capture the in ovo transcriptional response of liver tissue to formaldehyde treatment. Chick embryos were subjected to formaldehyde fumigation treatment for 25 minutes at 24-25°C and 75% relative humidity, keeping a control group as untreated. On the 18th day of incubation at 37.8°C and 58-63% humidity, eggs were broken, and liver tissue were obtained for RNA isolation, cDNA library preparation and RNA sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 908 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 814 were known genes and 94 were novel genes. Key DEGs and transcription factors were involved in oxidative stress, immuno-inflammatory responses, epigenetic modification and cellular adaptation related activities. These molecular and cellular findings might have a broader implication on early chick performance and health, especially in case of predisposition of disease conditions.

ORGANISM(S): Gallus gallus

PROVIDER: GSE287311 | GEO | 2025/01/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Antimicrobial chemicals are widely applied to clean and disinfect food-contacting surfaces. However, the cellular response of bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, to various disinfectants is unclear. In this study, the physiological and genome-wide transcriptional responses of B. cereus ATCC 14579 exposed to four different disinfectants (i.e., benzalkonium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and peracetic acid) were analyzed. The physiological response of B. cereus to different concentrations of the disinfectants used was investigated. For each disinfectant, concentrations leading to the attenuation of growth, growth arrest, and cell death were studied in more detail. The simultaneous analysis of the transcriptional responses of B. cereus upon exposure to the different concentrations of disinfectants revealed common responses induced by the four disinfectants. Notably, genes involved in the general and oxidative stress responses were commonly up-regulated. Furthermore, the obtained results indicate that all the disinfectants also induce specific responses. Exposure to benzalkonium chloride, a disinfectant known to induce membrane damage, specifically induced genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism. Benzalkonium chloride induced-membrane damage was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and fatty acid analysis confirmed that fatty acid composition of cell membrane was affected upon exposure to benzalkonium chloride. Sodium hypochlorite induced genes involved in sulfur and sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism, which correlated with the observed sodium hypochlorite-specific induction of oxidation of sulphydryl groups. Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid exposures induced genes involved in DNA damage and the SOS response. Notably, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid-treated cells exhibited higher mutation rates corroborating with the induced SOS response. Understanding the mechanisms displayed by microorganisms coping with disinfectants-induced stress may allow for design of more efficient sequential and/or disinfectant combination treatments in food processing environments.

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RNA-Seq of Chicken Embryo Liver Reveals Transcriptional Pathways Influenced by Egg Formaldehyde Treatment

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