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Effect of 5-azacytidine on gene expression in C2C12 myoblasts

ABSTRACT: Mesenchymal progenitor cells can be differentiated in vitro into myotubes that exhibit many characteristic features of primary mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. However, in general, they do not show the functional excitation-contraction coupling or the striated sarcomere arrangement typical of mature myofibers. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to play a key role in regulating the progressional changes in transcription necessary for muscle differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of murine C2C12 mesenchymal progenitor cells with 10 µM of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5AC) promotes myogenesis, resulting in myotubes with enhanced maturity as compared to untreated myotubes. Specifically, 5AC treatment resulted in the upregulation of muscle genes at the myoblast stage while at later stages nearly 50 % of the 5AC-treated myotubes displayed a mature, well-defined sarcomere organization as well as spontaneous contractions that coincided with action potentials and intracellular calcium transients. Both the percentage of striated myotubes and their contractile activity could be inhibited by 20 nM TTX, 10 µM ryanodine and 100 µM nifedipine, suggesting that action potential-induced calcium transients are responsible for these characteristics. Our data suggest that genomic demethylation induced by 5AC overcomes an epigenetic barrier that prevents untreated C2C12 myotubes from reaching full maturity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE30192 | GEO | 2012/01/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA143943

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Effect of 5-azacytidine on gene expression in C2C12 myoblasts

Project description:Mesenchymal progenitor cells can be differentiated in vitro into myotubes that exhibit many characteristic features of primary mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. However, in general, they do not show the functional excitation-contraction coupling or the striated sarcomere arrangement typical of mature myofibers. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to play a key role in regulating the progressional changes in transcription necessary for muscle differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of murine C2C12 mesenchymal progenitor cells with 10 µM of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5AC) promotes myogenesis, resulting in myotubes with enhanced maturity as compared to untreated myotubes. Specifically, 5AC treatment resulted in the upregulation of muscle genes at the myoblast stage while at later stages nearly 50 % of the 5AC-treated myotubes displayed a mature, well-defined sarcomere organization as well as spontaneous contractions that coincided with action potentials and intracellular calcium transients. Both the percentage of striated myotubes and their contractile activity could be inhibited by 20 nM TTX, 10 µM ryanodine and 100 µM nifedipine, suggesting that action potential-induced calcium transients are responsible for these characteristics. Our data suggest that genomic demethylation induced by 5AC overcomes an epigenetic barrier that prevents untreated C2C12 myotubes from reaching full maturity. C2C12 cells were plated at 1500 cells/cm2 (day -1), cultured for 1 day in DMEM 10%NCS, then treated (d0) with or without 10uM 5-azacytidine (5AC) for an additional 3 days. RNA was extracted on day 3 and hybridized to GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 array (Affymetrix).

2012-01-01 | E-GEOD-30192 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Characteristics of the transcriptome of a nurse cell harboring muscle larva of Trichinella spiralis

Project description:Muscle larva of a parasitic nematode Trichinella spp. lives a portion of muscle fiber transformed to a nurse cell (NC). The NC is formed from miss-differentiated muscle satellite cells which have fused with a parasite-invaded degenerating myofiber. Though originating from muscle cells, the NC is of non-muscular type.The NC is multinuclear and hypertrophic. Molecular mechanism of the NC development remains largely unknown. The microarray project was aimed at characterization of the NC transcriptome. The NCs were isolated by enzymatic digestion from infected mouse striated muscles. Murine C2C12 myogenic cell line (ATCC) was cultured in vitro. Differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes was carried out for 6 days in a high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 2% heat-inactivated horse serum, on the plates covered with laminin and collagen IV.The NC transcriptome was referred to the transcriptomes of C2C12 myoblasts and C2C12 myotubes in two sets of camparative expression microarray hybridization experiments, NC vs myoblasts and NC vs myotubes, respectively.

2022-07-26 | E-MTAB-12042 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome changes during the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes

Project description:This study aimed to interrogate the interrelationship between 3D genome organization and global gene expression during muscle development using a mouse C2C12 cell line as an in vitro model. The C2C12 cell line is a well-established and extensively studied in vitro model derived from serial passage of myoblasts cultured from the thigh muscle of C3H mice after a crush injury. C2C12 cells divide when mitogens are present in the culture medium and spontaneously differentiate into muscle-like multinucleated (myotubes) cells if the medium is depleted of mitogens (i.e. serum; (Bischoff 1986)). C2C12 cells were either harvested as: 1) proliferating myoblasts (Myoblasts); 2) myotubes that were not treated with AraC (as such these myotubes contained myoblasts) - Myotubes(Day3); or 3) myotubes which were treated with AraC (myoblasts were largely depleted from these myotube cultures; Myotubes(Day7+AraC).

2017-04-07 | GSE84158 | GEO

Deep muscle proteome

Project description:Deep skeletal muscle proteome. Triceps muscle from C57BL6 mouse and C2C12 myotubes were measure by LC-MS.

2020-02-08 | MSV000084940 | MassIVE

Engineering of human myotubes towards a mature metabolic and contractile phenotype

Project description:Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current skeletal-muscle-models in vitro are incapable of fully recapitulating its physiological functions especially regarding exercise. Supplementation of IGF1, a growth factor secreted by myofibers in vivo, might help to overcome these limitations. Primary human CD56-positive myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes in the presence/absence of IGF1 in serum-free medium for 10 days. Daily collected samples were analyzed by proteomics, qRT-PCR and myotube contractibility via electrical-pulse-stimulation (EPS). Mitochondrial respiration and glucose uptake were measured. IGF1-supported differentiation formed thicker multinucleated myotubes showing physiological contraction upon EPS following day 6 while myotubes without IGF1 were almost incapable of contraction. IGF1-treatment upregulated particularly muscle-specific proteins that contribute to myofibril and sarcomere assembly, striated muscle contraction, and ATP production. Elevated PPARGC1A, MYH7 and reduced MYH1/2 suggest a switch towards a more oxidative phenotype in line with elevated mitochondrial respiration. IGF1-treatment also upregulated expression of GLUT4 and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake. To conclude, utilizing IGF1, we engineered human myotubes that recapitulate the physiological traits of skeletal muscle in vivo vastly superior to established protocols. This novel model enables investigation of exercise on a molecular level, drug screening and interorgan-crosstalk by transfer to organ-on-chip.

2024-10-17 | PXD043200 | Pride

Culturing C2C12 myotubes on micromolded gelatin hydrogels accelerates myotube maturation

Project description:We report that differentiation of the C2C12 myoblast line on patterened hydrogels results in the increased expression of muscle sarcomere genes and more closely models expression changes that happen in in vivo muscle differentiation than do C2C12 myoblasts cultured on unpatterened substrates.

2020-04-15 | GSE148667 | GEO

Effect of ATF4 overexpression on mRNA levels in differentiated C2C12 myotubes.

Project description:ATF4 is a bZIP transcription factor that that promotes skeletal muscle atrophy. The goal of these studies was to determine the effects of ATF4 overexpression on mRNA levels in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. For additional details see Ebert et al, Stress-Induced Skeletal Muscle Gadd45a Expression Reprograms Myonuclei and Causes Muscle Atrophy. JBC epub. June 12,2012 C2C12 myotubes were infected with adenovirus co-expressing eGFP and ATF4-FLAG. Control myotubes were infected with adenovirus co-expressing eGFP and a transcriptionally inactive ATF4 construct (ATF4∆bZIP).

2012-09-15 | E-GEOD-39194 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Alpha kinase 3 signaling at the M-band maintains sarcomere integrity and proteostasis in striated muscle

Project description:Muscle contraction is driven by the molecular machinery of the sarcomere. While the constituent components of the sarcomere are well characterized, it is less clear how the activity and turnover of sarcomeric proteins is regulated. In particular, phosphorylation is critical regulator of muscle function. Thus, identification of regulatory kinases is key to understanding the sarcomere function. Pathogenic variants in alpha kinase 3 (ALPK3) cause cardiomyopathy and musculoskeletal disease, but little is known about this atypical kinase. Here we show that ALPK3 localizes to the M-Band of the sarcomere and define the ALPK3-dependent phosphoproteome. ALPK3 deficiency disrupted sarcomeric organization and calcium kinetics in hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and reduced force generation in cardiac organoids. Phosphoproteomic profiling identified ALPK3-dependant phospho-peptides that were enriched for sarcomeric components of the M-band and the ubiquitin-binding protein SQSTM1. Analysis of the ALPK3 interactome confirmed binding to M-band proteins including SQSTM1. Importantly, in hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes modeling ALPK3 deficiency and cardiomyopathic ALPK3 mutations, sarcomeric organization and M-band localization of SQSTM1 were abnormal. These data suggest ALPK3 has an integral role in maintaining sarcomere integrity and proteostasis in striated muscle. We propose this mechanism may underly disease pathogenesis in patients with ALPK3 variants.

2023-01-10 | GSE215304 | GEO

Deep muscle proteome - Deep skeletal muscle proteome. Triceps muscle from C57BL6 mouse and C2C12 myotubes were measure by LC-MS.

Project description:Deep skeletal muscle proteome. Triceps muscle from C57BL6 mouse and C2C12 myotubes were measure by LC-MS.

2015-04-08 | PXD000288 | Pride

C2C12 murine myoblast cell line and 48 h 10 uM BIO treated C2C12 cellulate

Project description:In urodele amphibians, limb regeneration involves the dedifferentiation of muscle myotubes into single cells that may acquire pluripotent potential. We have employed small molecules (myoseverin and BIO) to attempt to reproduce this behavior in mammalian muscle culture. C2C12 myotubes derived from the C2C12 myoblast cell line were induced to undergo cellularization by myoseverin treatment, which destabilizes tubulin filaments. The GSK-3 inhibitor, BIO, was then used to induce dedifferentiation. Induce neuron formation; the cells were incubated with 250 nM reversine for 48 h, and neural induction media (DMEM/F12 supplemented with N2 (Invitrogen)) and 1.5 uM all-trans retinoic acid for 7 days. C2C12 murine myoblast cell line and 48 h 10 uM BIO treated C2C12 cellulate (derived by 20 M myoseverin treatment for 48 h) C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes with 2%horse serum in DMEM for 8 days (from 2-4 d, 10 uM AraC treatment was also used to kill any remaining myoblasts). Next, myotubes were cellularized by 20 uM myoseverin treatment for 48 h. 24 h after myoseverin treatment, myotubes were treated with 10 uM BIO for 2d.

2011-12-08 | E-GEOD-34238 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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