Nrf2b: a novel zebrafish paralog of the oxidant-responsive transcription factor Nrf2.
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio
PROVIDER: GSE32594 | GEO | 2011/12/20
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA147069
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:We identified a novel paralog of the antioxidant response element transcription factor, Nrf2 in zebrafish. To determine whether the paralogs Nrf2a and Nrf2b regulate different sets of genes, we performed loss-of-function experiments followed by microarray-based gene expression profiling, performed on embryos in which expression of Nrf2a, Nrf2b, or both paralogs was knocked down. Embryos at the 1-4 cell stage were injected with 3-5 nl of a control morpholino (MO) or gene-specific MO to knockdown Nrf2a, Nrf2b, or a Nrf2a+b combination. At 48 hpf, triplicate groups of 5 embryos were exposed to 2 M-BM-5M of tert butyl hydroquinone or 2% DSMO for 4 hours. At 52 hpf, embryos were fixed in RNA Later and stored at -80M-BM-0C. RNA was extracted, bioanalyzed, labeled with Cy3 and hybridized to the Agilent V3 4x44K zebrafish microarray (cat. #G2519F-026437) at the Genome Technology Core of the Whitehead Institute (Cambridge, MA). Raw array data obtained from the Whitehead Institute were extracted using Agilent's feature extraction software using background detrending (spatial and multiplicative).Prior to normalization, Cy3 values below 5 were set to 5. The data were then normalized using the non-linear scaling method based on rank invariant probes. After normalization but before statistical analyses, probes not significantly above background in all microarrays were removed (3147 probes in all; based on AgilentM-bM-^@M-^Ys 2.6 standard deviation method). None of the probes were saturated for Cy3 signal on any microarray, so no further filtering was applied. There were a total of 40,456 probes for statistical analyses. Statistical tests were performed using MeV v4. Data were log transformed and median centered for each probe. An ANOVA was run for morpholino injection, with p-value based on 1000 permutations of the data and alpha of 0.01. The probes found significant in the ANOVA were subsequently examined using Rank Product (RP) analysis to identify probes up- and down-regulated by the MO injection For each RP test, a two-class unpaired RP analysis was performed using 100 permutations of the data with a false discovery rate (FDR) M-bM-^IM-$10%.
2011-12-20 | E-GEOD-32594 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2; also called NFE2L2) and related NRF family members regulate antioxidant defenses by activating gene expression via antioxidant response elements (AREs), but their roles in embryonic development are not well understood. We report here that zebrafish (Danio rerio), an important developmental model species, possesses six nrf genes, including duplicated nrf1 and nrf2 genes. We cloned a novel zebrafish nrf2 paralog, nrf2b. The predicted Nrf2b protein sequence shares several domains with the original Nrf2 (now Nrf2a) but lacks the Neh4 transactivation domain. Zebrafish-human comparisons demonstrate conserved synteny involving nrf2 and hox genes, indicating that nrf2a and nrf2b are co-orthologs of human NRF2. nrf2a and nrf2b displayed distinct patterns of expression during embryonic development; nrf2b was more highly expressed at all stages. Embryos in which Nrf2a expression had been knocked down with morpholino oligonucleotides were more sensitive to tert-butylhydroperoxide but not tert-butylhydroquinone, whereas knockdown of Nrf2b did not affect sensitivity of embryos to either chemical. Gene expression profiling by microarray identified a specific role for Nrf2b as a negative regulator of several genes, including p53, cyclin G1, and heme oxygenase 1, in embryos. Nrf2a and Nrf2b exhibited different mechanisms of cross-talk with the Ahr2 signaling pathway. Together, these results demonstrate distinct roles for nrf2a and nrf2b, consistent with subfunction partitioning, and identify a novel negative regulatory role for Nrf2b during development. The identification of zebrafish nrf2 co-orthologs will facilitate new understanding of the multiple roles of NRF2 in protecting vertebrate embryos from oxidative damage.
| S-EPMC3281635 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The serine/threonine protein kinase paralogs ROCK1 & 2 have been implicated as essential modulators of angiogenesis; however their paralog-specific roles in endothelial function are unknown. Microarray analysis of ROCK knockdown lines revealed overlapping and unique control of global transcription by the paralogs, and a reduction in the transcriptional regulation of just under 50% of VEGF responsive genes.
2012-06-01 | GSE34769 | GEO
Project description:Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, Nrf2) is an oxidant responsive transcription factor known to induce phase 2 detoxifying and antioxidant genes to protect cells from oxidative stress. Cigarette smoke, with its large oxidant content, is a major stressor to the small airway epithelium, the cells of which are vulnerable to oxidant damage and consequent malignant transformation. In this study, we assessed the role of cigarette smoke in activation of Nrf2 in the human small airway epithelium in vivo. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used to sample a pure population of small airway epithelium in 38 healthy nonsmokers and 45 healthy smokers, and gene expression was assessed using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. Compared to that of healthy nonsmokers, Nrf2 protein was significantly activated in the small airway epithelium of healthy normal smokers and localized in the nucleus (p<0.05). Of the human homologs of 201 known murine Nrf2-mediated genes, 13 highly smoking-responsive genes were identified (p<10-4, all comparisons smokers to nonsmokers). Using a “Nrf2-index” to quantify the extent of expression in the small airway epithelium of these 13 known Nrf2 genes, variability in the level of expression was observed among the 45 healthy smokers, but the variability was coordinately modulated among the 13 genes, an observation confirmed by TaqMan quantitative PCR. This variability in the coordinate level of expression of the 13 Nrf2-mediated genes was independent of the smoking history. Based on these observations, the “Nrf2 index” was used to evaluate whether other genes modulated by smoking in the small airway epithelium were also coordinately up- or down- modulated among the 45 healthy smokers. Two genes, pirin (PIR) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family polypeptide A4 (UGT1A4), not previously known to be modulated by Nrf2 were identified as being coordinately modulated among the 45 smokers. Both genes contain several functional antioxidant response elements in the promoter region. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, these antioxidant response elements in the promoters of PIR and UGT1A4 responded in vitro to activated Nrf2. These observations are consistent with the concept that Nrf2 plays an important role in regulating cellular defenses against smoking in the highly vulnerable small airway epithelium cell population, and that there is variability among the population in the relative Nrf2 responsiveness to a similar oxidant burden. Affymetrix arrays were used to assess gene expression data in small airway epithelium obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy of 38 healthy non-smokers and 45 healthy smokers
2009-07-13 | E-GEOD-11952 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nrf2 is a transcription factor that binds to antioxidant response elements of the regulatory region of a number of antioxidant genes. A mutation in the Nrf2 gene increases susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury. This project examines expression differences between wild type and Nrf2 knock out mice with the hope of providing insight to the downstream effector genes regulated by Nrf2.
2007-12-14 | E-GEOD-495 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The serine/threonine protein kinase paralogs ROCK1 & 2 have been implicated as essential modulators of angiogenesis; however their paralog-specific roles in endothelial function are unknown. Microarray analysis of ROCK knockdown lines revealed overlapping and unique control of global transcription by the paralogs, and a reduction in the transcriptional regulation of just under 50% of VEGF responsive genes. MS1 mouse endothelial cells were stably transfected with non-targeting, ROCK1 specific, or ROCK2 specific shRNA plasmids. Cells were grown to confluence and treated with sham or 2.5 ng/ml human recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for 12 hours. RNA from six independent biological replicates from each engineered cell line were collected, pooled, and subjected to triplicate technical replicates of microarray analysis.
2012-05-31 | E-GEOD-34769 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Gene duplication enables the emergence of new functions by lowering the general evolutionary pressure. Previous studies have highlighted the role of specific paralog genes during cell differentiation, e.g., in chromatin remodeling complexes. It remains unexplored whether similar mechanisms extend to other biological functions and whether the regulation of paralog genes is conserved across species. Here, we analyze the expression of paralogs across human tissues, during development and neuronal differentiation in fish, rodents and humans. While ~80% of paralog genes are co-regulated, a subset of paralogs shows divergent expression profiles, contributing to variability of protein complexes. We identify 78 substitutions of paralog eggNOG pairs that occur during neuronal differentiation and are conserved across species. Among these, we highlight a substitution between the paralogs Sec23a and Sec23b subunits of the COPII complex. Altering the ratio between these two genes via silencing-RNA knockdown was able to influence neuronal differentiation in different ways. We propose that remodeling of the vesicular transport system via paralog substitutions is an evolutionary conserved mechanism enabling neuronal differentiation.
2022-03-07 | PXD027191 | Pride
Project description:Gene duplication enables the emergence of new functions by lowering the general evolutionary pressure. Previous studies have highlighted the role of specific paralog genes during cell differentiation, e.g., in chromatin remodeling complexes. It remains unexplored whether similar mechanisms extend to other biological functions and whether the regulation of paralog genes is conserved across species. Here, we analyze the expression of paralogs across human tissues, during development and neuronal differentiation in fish, rodents and humans. While ~80% of paralog genes are co-regulated, a subset of paralogs shows divergent expression profiles, contributing to variability of protein complexes. We identify 78 substitutions of paralog eggNOG pairs that occur during neuronal differentiation and are conserved across species. Among these, we highlight a substitution between the paralogs Sec23a and Sec23b subunits of the COPII complex. Altering the ratio between these two genes via silencing-RNA knockdown was able to influence neuronal differentiation in different ways. We propose that remodeling of the vesicular transport system via paralog substitutions is an evolutionary conserved mechanism enabling neuronal differentiation.
2022-03-07 | PXD027195 | Pride
Project description:Gene duplication enables the emergence of new functions by lowering the general evolutionary pressure. Previous studies have highlighted the role of specific paralog genes during cell differentiation, e.g., in chromatin remodeling complexes. It remains unexplored whether similar mechanisms extend to other biological functions and whether the regulation of paralog genes is conserved across species. Here, we analyze the expression of paralogs across human tissues, during development and neuronal differentiation in fish, rodents and humans. While ~80% of paralog genes are co-regulated, a subset of paralogs shows divergent expression profiles, contributing to variability of protein complexes. We identify 78 substitutions of paralog pairs that occur during neuronal differentiation and are conserved across species. Among these, we highlight a substitution between the paralogs Sec23a and Sec23b subunits of the COPII complex. Altering the ratio between these two genes via RNAi-mediated knockdown is sufficient to influence the differentiation of immature neuron. We propose that remodeling of the vesicular transport system via paralog substitutions is an evolutionary conserved mechanism enabling neuronal differentiation.
2022-03-07 | PXD027387 | Pride
Project description:Integrated-systems model of oxidative stress connecting NRF2 and p53 signaling pathways. Additional crosstalk linking oxidative stress to p53 inhibition, p53 to NRF2 through p21, and NRF2 to MDM2 was incorporated in this model. The NRF2 pathway was encoded as first- and second-order rate equations for KEAP1 oxidation and NRF2 stabilization; NRF2-mediated transcription of antioxidant enzymes was modeled as a Hill function. The p53 pathway was reconstructed from a delay differential equation model of p53 signaling in response to DNA damage. To adapt the p53 DNA-damage model to respond to oxidative stress, we used a first-order oxidation reaction of ATM/CHEK2 by intracellular H2O2.
The integrated base model of NRF2–p53 oxidative-stress signaling contains 42 reactions and 22 ordinary differential equations (ODEs).
2021-10-29 | MODEL2110270001 | BioModels