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Identification of genes responsive to change in apical polarity in the breast epithelium

ABSTRACT: Differentiation of monolayered epithelia is characterized by the formation of a basoapical polarity axis, except during the early stages of cancer development. Using mammary glandular structures (acini) produced in a three-dimensional cell culture system we have demonstrated that, in order for mammary epithelial cells to exit quiescence and enter the cell cycle, acini have to lose apical polarity. In order to identify the genes dependent on apical polarity that could control cell quiescence, and possibly other aspects of tissue homeostasis, we have used Affymetrix technology microarray analysis of the 22,277 features/genes of the Human Genome U133A 2.0 array Chip in apically polarized and non-polarized breast epithelial acinar cells in three-dimensional culture. Genes commonly down-regulated in two treatments that altered apical polarity compared to control were considered to be dependent on apical polarity status for their transcription.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE35165 | GEO | 2012/02/29

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA150797

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Identification of genes responsive to change in apical polarity in the breast epithelium

Project description:Differentiation of monolayered epithelia is characterized by the formation of a basoapical polarity axis, except during the early stages of cancer development. Using mammary glandular structures (acini) produced in a three-dimensional cell culture system we have demonstrated that, in order for mammary epithelial cells to exit quiescence and enter the cell cycle, acini have to lose apical polarity. In order to identify the genes dependent on apical polarity that could control cell quiescence, and possibly other aspects of tissue homeostasis, we have used Affymetrix technology microarray analysis of the 22,277 features/genes of the Human Genome U133A 2.0 array Chip in apically polarized and non-polarized breast epithelial acinar cells in three-dimensional culture. Genes commonly down-regulated in two treatments that altered apical polarity compared to control were considered to be dependent on apical polarity status for their transcription. Apically polarized (Control) and two different populations of non-polarized human mammary epithelial cells (18-alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid =AGA, and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine =Aza) were used for microarray analysis containing four biological replicates (1-4) for each treatment. The two treatments that cause loss of apical polarity were compared to reference apically polarized control samples using two different statistical analysis methods (FDR and HolmM-bM-^@M-^Ys).

2012-02-29 | E-GEOD-35165 | biostudies-arrayexpress

De novo formation of apical-basal polarity by Rap1 regulates epiblast patterning

Project description:The epiblast is the first cell type that forms apical-basal polarity de novo as the mouse embryo implants into the maternal uterus, while the extraembryonic neighbours of the epiblast - trophectoderm and primitive endoderm - retain their pre-established polarity beyond implantation [1]; however, it is still unclear how the epiblast establishes apical-basal polarity de novo. Here, we focused on Rap1 signaling pathway, which is activated during the transition of the epiblast from the naïve to primed state of pluripotency during implantation [2]. Through the preestablished in vitro three-dimensional culture system [3], genetic knockouts and proximity-biotinylation analyses, we found that Rap1 integrates multiple signals that contribute to de novo formation of apical-basal polarity. Importantly, formation of apical-basal polarity in the epiblast is essential for its correct patterning and proper communication with the extraembryonic lineages. Altogether, these results not only dissect molecular details of de novo apical-basal polarity formation, but also have broader implications for epithelial polarity and development.

2022-06-14 | PXD028315 | Pride

miR-183-5p and miR-492 over-expression trigger loss of polarity and nuclear circularity and enhanced invasion and proliferation in nontumorigenic breast epithelium

Project description:microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable and abundant in body fluids and exhibit unique dysregulation signatures in cancers, making them attractive novel noninvasive cancer biomarkers. In an HMT-3522 S1 (S1) breast epithelial risk-progression 3D culture model, non-tumorigenic S1 cells form a fully polarized epithelium. Their pretumorigenic counterparts, silenced for gap junction and tumor suppressor Cx43, Cx43-KO-S1, lose epithelial polarity, multilayer, exhibit proliferative and invasion potential, and mimic tumor-initiated in vivo mammary epithelial morphology. To characterize the miRNA profile specific to Cx43 loss in the breast epithelia, miRNA-sequencing was performed and revealed 65 differentially expressed miRNAs in Cx43-KO-S1 as compared to S1 cells. A comparative analysis was conducted between the 65 differentially expressed miRNAs and 15 tumor-associated miRNAs from a young Lebanese patient validation cohort. miR-183-5p, downstream of Cx43 loss and commonly upregulated in the patient cohort and the breast epithelia and miR-492, not attributed to Cx43 loss, and only up-regulated in the young Lebanese patients were chosen for stable over-expression in the nontumorigenic S1 cells. Ectopic over-expression of miR-183 and miR-492 in S1 cells, through pLenti-III-miR-GPF tagged vectors, resulted in the formation of larger acini devoid of lumen assembly with cell multilayering, disrupted epithelial polarity and decreased nuclear circularity in 3D cultures, as well as in enhanced proliferation and invasion capacity and altered apical localization of Cx43 and apico-lateral localization of ß-catenin and Scrib. miR-183-5p and miR-492 over-expression in nontumorigenic S1 cells thus recapitulate pretumorigenic phenotypes similar to those reported upon Cx43 loss and act as oncomiRs and prognostic biomarkers.

2022-12-28 | GSE196062 | GEO

Expression profiling of 3D 2D MDCKII epithelial morphogenesis

Project description:Formation of epithelial tissues requires the generation of apical-basal polarity and the co-ordination of this polarity between neighboring cells to form a central lumen. MDCK cell line has proven to be a powerful model to study mammalian polarized epithelia in vitro. MDCK cells plated in extracellular matrix (ECM) form cysts, a spherical structure of polarized cells enclosing a central lumen which resembles epithelial tubular structures. The morphogenetic process requires drastic changes in cell architecture, which are regulated by change in gene expression. We used microarrays to identify genes up-regulated in lumen formation. The identification of up-regulated genes could lead us to characterize novel pathways needed for this process. MDCKII cells were plated in two different conditions: Cells cultured in confluence in plastic dishes, forming polarized monolayers (2D); or cells cultured in plastic dishes covered with Matrigel (ECM) forming three dimensional cysts (3D). Comparison of both transcriptomic profiles would lead us to identify up-regulated genes in the 3D condition, which would be good candidates to be key regulators of novel processes involved in lumen morphogenesis.

2011-09-30 | E-GEOD-32495 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Planar Cell Polarity Core Protein Vangl

Project description:Vangl is a planar cell polarity (PCP) core protein essential for aligned cell orientation along the epithelial plane perpendicular to the apical-basal direction, which is important for tissue morphogenesis, development and collective cell behavior.

2024-07-25 | PXD054233 |

RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration

Project description:During development, multicellular rosettes serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organ systems. Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that are defined by the apical constriction of cells towards the rosette center. Due to the important role these structures play during development, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which rosettes are formed and maintained is of high interest. Utilizing the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we identify the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb as a regulator of rosette integrity. The pLLP is a group of ~150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Given the known role of RhoA in rosette formation, we asked whether Mcf2lb plays a role in regulating apical constriction of cells within rosettes. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This in turn resulted in a unique posterior Lateral Line phenotype: an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are normally polarized. In contrast, signaling components that mediate apical constriction downstream of RhoA, Rock-2a and non-muscle Myosin II were diminished apically. Altogether our results suggest a model whereby Mcf2lb activates RhoA, which in turn activates downstream signaling machinery to induce and maintain apical constriction in cells incorporated into rosettes.

2023-04-19 | GSE229567 | GEO

Transcriptional profiling of stem cell-derived polarized hepatocytes

Project description:Human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) offer an attractive platform to study liver disease and to test drugs. However, despite their advantages over other hepatocyte culture systems, HLCs lack several in vivo characteristics including cell polarity, which is critical for proper hepatocyte biology. We report a stem cell-based differentiation protocol that uses transwell filters to generate columnar polarized HLCs with clearly defined basolateral and apical membranes separated by tight junctions. Unlike conventional HLCs, polarized HLCs secrete cargo directionally, similar to hepatocytes in vivo. This novel system provides a powerful tool to study hepatocyte biology, disease mechanisms, genetic variation, and drug metabolism in a more physiologically relevant setting.

2020-02-25 | GSE123462 | GEO

Dual β-catenin and γ-catenin loss in hepatocytes impacts their polarity through altered TGFβ and HNF4⍺ signaling

Project description:Hepatocytes are highly polarized epithelia. Loss of hepatocyte polarity is associated with various liver diseases, including cholestasis. However, the molecular underpinnings of hepatocyte polarization remain poorly understood. Previously, we have shown that loss of β-catenin at adherens junctions (AJs) is compensated by β-catenin and dual loss of both catenins in dual knockouts (DKO) in mice liver leads to progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. However, the clinical relevance of this observation, and further phenotypic characterization of the phenotype, is important. Here, we identify simultaneous loss of β- and γ-catenin in a subset of liver samples from patients of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatocytes in DKO mice exhibited defect in apical-basolateral localization of polarity proteins, impaired bile canaliculi formation, and loss of microvilli. Loss of polarity in DKO livers manifested as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increased hepatocyte proliferation, and suppression of hepatocyte differentiation, which was associated with up-regulation of TGFβ signaling and repression of Hnf4α expression and activity. In conclusion, concomitant loss of the two catenins in the liver may be playing a pathogenic role in subsets of cholangiopathies. Our findings also support a previously unknown role β- and γ-catenin in the maintenance of hepatocyte polarity. Improved understanding of the regulation of hepatocyte polarization processes by β and γ-catenin could potentially benefit development of new therapies for cholestasis.

2021-02-14 | GSE166087 | GEO

Loss of Macf1 abolishes ciliogenesis and disrupts apicobasal polarity establishment in the retina

Project description:Microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (Macf1) plays a role in coordinated actions of actin and microtubules in multiple cellular processes. Here we show that Macf1 is also critical for ciliogenesis in multiple cell types. Ablation of Macf1 in the developing retina abolishes ciliogenesis and basal bodies fail to dock to ciliary vesicles or migrate apically. Photoreceptor polarity is randomized while inner retinal cells laminate correctly, suggesting that photoreceptor maturation is guided by polarity cues provided by cilia. Deletion of Macf1 in adult photoreceptors caused reversal of basal body docking and loss of outer segments, reflecting a continuous requirement for Macf1 function. Macf1 was also shown to interact with ciliary proteins Mkks and Talpid3. We propose that a disruption of trafficking across microtubles to actin filaments underlies the ciliogenesis defect in cells lacking Macf1, and that Mkks and Talpid3 are involved in the coordination of microtubule and actin interactions.

2016-11-01 | GSE86997 | GEO

Targeting of Tumor Cells by the Adenovirus E4orf4 protein via Par3 Polarity Protein-Regulated Nuclear Envelope Rupture

Project description:The protein product of the Early region 4 open reading frame 4 (E4orf4) of human adenovirus 2 is reported to exhibit a tumor-selective cell killing activity. Here, we show that E4orf4’s tumoricidal activity correlated with changes in perinuclear actomyosin contractility that are controlled by an interaction with the Par3 polarity protein. Surprisingly, E4orf4 enhanced apical-basal polarity in non-transformed mammary epithelial cells. In contrast, in tumorigenic cells, it induced a high incidence of actin-dependent nuclear bleb rupture. This process, which was regulated by the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, promoted nuclear efflux of E4orf4 and the breakdown of the nuclear compartment. Significantly, Par3 also regulated the incidence of transient nuclear envelope rupture due to the reduced nuclear rigidity in cells depleted of lamins, in absence of E4orf4. Thus, using E4orf4 as a probing tool, we uncovered a so far un-appreciated role for Par3 in controlling the actin-dependent forces acting on the nuclear envelope to remodel nuclear shape, which might be a defining feature of tumor cells that is harnessed by E4orf4.

2020-03-19 | PXD014329 | Pride

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