Transcriptome profiling of epidermal differentiation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE35468 | GEO | 2012/02/02
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA152345
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The aim of this study was to establish a deeply sequenced transcriptome at multiple timepoints during the differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes from the progenitor state (d0). These transcriptomes were then assembled in order to discover novel genes and transcriptional events that are dynamically regulated during terminal differentiation of a human somatic tissue. Paired-end RNA sequencing was performed on primary human keratinocytes at three timepoints during calcium-induced epidermal differentiation.
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Project description:The regulatory circuits that coordinate epidermal differentiation during development are still not fully understood. Here we report that the transcriptional regulator ID1 is enriched in basal epidermal progenitor cells and find ID1 expression to be diminished upon differentiation. In utero silencing of Id1 impairs progenitor cell proliferation, leads to precocious delamination of targeted progenitor cells and enables differentiated keratinocytes to retain progenitor markers and characteristics. Transcriptional profiling suggests ID1 acts by mediating adhesion to the basement membrane while inhibiting spinous layer differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation reveals ID1 binding to transcriptional regulators of the class I bHLH family. We localize bHLH Tcf3, Tcf4 and Tcf12 to epidermal progenitor cells during epidermal stratification and established TCF3 as a downstream effector of ID1-mediated epidermal proliferation. Finally, we identify crosstalk between CEBPA, a known mediator of epidermal differentiation, and Id1 and demonstrate that CEBPA antagonizes BMP-induced activation of Id1. Our work establishes ID1 as a key coordinator of epidermal development, acting to balance progenitor proliferation with differentiation and unveils how functional crosstalk between CEBPA and Id1 orchestrates epidermal lineage progression.
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Project description:To identify the changes in mRNA isoforms expressed in human epidermal differentiation, primary human keratinocytes were sequenced in progenitor and differentiation conditions.
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Project description:Progenitor cells at the basal layer of skin epidermis play an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and enhancing wound repair in skin. The proliferation, differentiation, and cell death of epidermal progenitor cells have to be delicately regulated, as deregulation of this process can lead to many skin diseases, including skin cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in skin homeostasis remain poorly defined. In this study, with quantitative proteomics approach, we identified an important interaction between KDF1 (Keratinocyte Differentiation Factor 1) and IKKα (IκB kinase α) in differentiating skin keratinocytes. Ablation of either KDF1 or IKKα in mice leads to similar but striking abnormalities in skin development, particularly in skin epidermal differentiation. With biochemical and mouse genetics approach, we further demonstrate that the interaction of IKKα and KDF1 is essential for epidermal differentiation. To probe deeper into the mechanisms, we find that KDF1 associates with a deubiquitinating protease, USP7 (Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 7), and KDF1 can regulate skin differentiation through deubiquitination and stabilization of IKKα. Taken together, our study unravels an important molecular mechanism underlying skin tissue homeostasis and epidermal differentiation.
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Project description:Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid whose levels are tightly regulated by its synthesis and degradation. Intracellularly, S1P is dephosphoryled by the actions of two S1P-specific phosphatases, sphingosine 1-phosphate phosphatase 1 and 2. To identify the physiologic functions of S1P phosphatase 1, we have studied mice with its gene, Sgpp1, deleted. Sgpp1-/- mice appeared normal at birth but during the first week of life, they exhibited stunted growth, suffered desquamation, and most died before weaning. Interestingly, the epidermal permeability barrier developed normally during embryogenesis. Sgpp1 -/- pups and surviving adults exhibited epidermal hyperplasia and abnormal expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers. Keratinocytes isolated from Sgpp1 -/- skin had increased intracellular S1P levels, and expressed a gene expression profile that indicated enhanced differentiation. The results reveal S1P metabolism as a regulator of keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal homeostasis. Comparison of KO vs. WT with five replications per treatment sample
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Project description:Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were shown to have functional impact on cellular processes, such as human epidermal homeostasis, but for only a few the mode of action has been elucidated. Here, we report that lncRNA LINC00941 controls keratinocyte differentiation on a global level through association with the MTA2/NuRD complex, one of the major chromatin remodelers in cells. LINC00941 was found to interact with NuRD-associated MTA2, suppressing the expression of the transcription factor EGR3, a regulator of epidermal differentiation. Both LINC00941 and the MTA2/NuRD complex are enriched in non-differentiated keratinocytes and repress the expression of differentiation genes through epigenetic silencing of EGR3, consequentially preventing premature differentiation of human progenitor cells.
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Project description:Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression level and function through the usage of different transcription termination sites, but how APA is regulated to influence epidermal tissue differentiation remains under-characterized. Leveraging 3’READS+, we identified prevalent APA in keratinocytes. We further identified a high-confidence list of genes that alters their usages of polyadenylation site (PAS) during keratinocyte differentiation. To begin to understand the mechanisms that modulates PAS selection within a given gene, we identified that the expression of the Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (CPSF) complex is down regulated during keratinocyte differentiation. Suppression of CPSF using RNAi or CRISPRi strongly impaired epidermal regeneration with upregulation of terminal differentiation marker gene expression. Mechanistically, we identified that CPSF suppression decreased the usage of the GRHL3 proximal PAS and upregulated full-length GRHL3 mRNA production. Knockdown of GRHL3 in the context of CPSFi partially restored differentiation marker gene expression. We also found CPSF interacts with RNA-binding proteins to control PAS usage. Thus, our data suggest a model where CPSF binding preference and PAS choices regulate epidermal terminal differentiation.
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Project description:In epidermal differentiation basal keratinocytes detach from the basement membrane, stop proliferating, and express a new set of structural proteins and enzymes, which results in an impermeable protein/lipid barrier that protects us. To define the transcriptional changes essential for this process, we purified large quantities of basal and suprabasal cells from human epidermis, using the expression of b4 integrin as the discriminating factor. The expected expression differences in cytoskeletal, cell cycle and adhesion genes confirmed the effective separation of the cell populations. Using DNA microarray chips, we comprehensively identify the differences in genes expressed in basal and differentiating layers of the epidermis, including the ECM components produced by the basal cells, the proteases in both the basal and suprabasal cells, and the lipid and steroid metabolism enzymes in suprabasal cells responsible for the permeability barrier. We identified the signaling pathways specific for the two populations, and found two previously unknown paracrine and one juxtacrine signaling pathway operating between the basal and suprabasal cells. Furthermore, using specific expression signatures, we identified a new set of late differentiation markers and mapped their chromosomal loci, as well as a new set of melanocyte-specific markers. The data represent a quantum jump in understanding the mechanisms of epidermal differentiation. Basal keratinocytes are defined as integrin b4-positive. Suprabasal sample contains all melanocytes as well. Basal (integrin b4+), suprabasal (b4-) and total epidermal keratinocytes. In duplicate, from 2 independent donors, breast reduction surgery.
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Project description:Hsa_circ_0084443 expression level is down-regulated during normal skin wound healing and higher level of hsa_circ_0084443 was found in chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcers compared to normal wounds. However, the biological function of hsa_circ_0084443 in epidermal keratinocytes during wound repair has not been studied. To study the genes regulated by hsa_circ_0084443, we transfected siRNA targeting hsa_circ_0084443 diagnostic junction into human primary epidermal keratinocytes to knockdown hsa_circ_0084443 expression. We performed a global transcriptome analysis of keratinocytes upon knockdown of hsa_circ_0084443 using Affymetrix arrays.
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