Host response to smallpox
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE4013 | GEO | 2006/01/11
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA95109
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Smallpox has played an unparalleled role in human history and remains a significant potential threat to public health. Despite the historical significance of this disease, we know little about the underlying pathophysiology or the virulence mechanisms of the causative agent, variola virus. To improve our understanding of variola pathogenesis and variola-host interactions, we examined the molecular and cellular features of hemorrhagic smallpox in cynomolgus macaques. We used cDNA microarrays to analyze host gene expression patterns in sequential blood samples from each of 22 infected animals. Variola infection elicited striking and temporally coordinated patterns of gene expression in peripheral blood. Of particular interest were features that appear to represent an IFN response, cell proliferation, immunoglobulin gene expression, viral dose-dependent gene expression patterns, and viral modulation of the host immune response. The virtual absence of a tumor necrosis factor /NF-B-activated transcriptional program in the face of an overwhelming systemic infection suggests that variola gene products may ablate this response. These results provide a detailed picture of the host transcriptional response during smallpox infection, and may help guide the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies.
2005-11-07 | E-SMDB-2956 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Smallpox has played an unparalleled role in human history and remains a significant potential threat to public health. Despite the historical significance of this disease, we know little about the underlying pathophysiology or the virulence mechanisms of the causative agent, variola virus. To improve our understanding of variola pathogenesis and variola-host interactions, we examined the molecular and cellular features of hemorrhagic smallpox in cynomolgus macaques. We used cDNA microarrays to analyze host gene expression patterns in sequential blood samples from each of 22 infected animals. Variola infection elicited striking and temporally coordinated patterns of gene expression in peripheral blood. Of particular interest were features that appear to represent an IFN response, cell proliferation, immunoglobulin gene expression, viral dose-dependent gene expression patterns, and viral modulation of the host immune response. The virtual absence of a tumor necrosis factor /NF-B-activated transcriptional program in the face of an overwhelming systemic infection suggests that variola gene products may ablate this response. These results provide a detailed picture of the host transcriptional response during smallpox infection, and may help guide the development of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic strategies. Groups of assays that are related as part of a time series. Keywords: time_series_design Using regression correlation
2006-01-10 | E-GEOD-4013 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Smallpox is a highly communicable, often fatal diseae. There is currently no licensed treatment for smallpox and vaccinia virus (VV) is currently used for immunization. While immunization with VV can provide good protection against exposure to the smallpox virus, the current vaccine is far from optimal. Complications occur in 1/1,000-1/10,000 vaccinees, with at least one death per million vaccinees. We have constructed recombinant VV strains which are less pathogenic, yet provide a protective immune response. These viruses contain various mutations in the E3L which is known to block the host antiviral response. Identifying the host genes involved in producing a strong protective immunological response to these attenuated viruses would not only increase our understanding of the proteins and pathways involved in effective smallpox vaccination, but aid in the development of alternative vaccine strains which enhance these specific immune responses. We will determine gene expression patterns in HeLa cells at various times following infection with wtVV and several VV constructs containing mutations in the E3L gene. The VV E3L gene product blocks the host antiviral response by sequestering viral danger signals, including double-stranded RNA and Z-DNA. VV constructs containing mutations in E3L which allow host cell recognition of either of these danger signals leads to a decrease in viral pathogensis. In this project we will dissect the cellular inflammatory response to infection with wtVV in comparison to VV containing mutations in the E3L gene. By understanding why certain strains of VV are non-pathogenic, yet highly immunogenic, it is possible to gain a better understanding on the mechanisms of poxvirus pathogenesis and the host response. We will examine three times points following infection with VV: 2 HPI, 6 HPI and 9 HPI. These times points represent keys points in the virus replication cycle. Several VV constructs will be used which contain mutations in the E3L gene. These constructs alter the ability of E3L to sequester double-stranded RNA and/or Z-DNA and therefore have a direct effect on viral pathogenesis. Fourteen constructs will be used including: mock, wtVV, VVdelE3L, VVE3Ldel83N, VVE3Ldel37N, VVE3Ldel26C, VVE3Ldel7C, VVE3L Y48A, VVE3L P63A, VVE3L K167T, VV-ATV, VV-ADAR/E3L, VVdelK3L, VVdelK3L-E3Ldel37N. Cells will be infected at an MOI of 5 to allow infection of all cells. At each time point, cells will be harvested by scraping. RNA will be isolated using a Trizol RNA extraction protocol (Invitrogen) followed by RNA purification using the RNeasy cleanup kit available from Qiagen.
2008-06-11 | E-GEOD-11238 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Orthopoxviruses are large DNA viruses which can cause disease in numerous host species. Even though the eradication of variola virus - the causative agent of human smallpox M-bM-^@M-^S succeeded, with the end of vaccinations several other orthopoxviruses emerged as potential threat to human health. For instance, animal-borne monkeypox virus, cowpox virus and closely related vaccinia virus are all capable of establishing zoonotic infections in humans. The disease caused by each virus differs in terms of expression and severity, but we still know little about the reasons for these different phenotypes. They may be explained by the unique repertoire of host cell modulating factors encoded by each virus. In this study, we aimed at characterizing the specific modulation of the host cells gene expression profile by orthopoxvirus infection. In our study we analyzed changes in host cell gene expression of HeLa cells after infection with cowpox virus, monkeypox virus or vaccinia virus and compared these to each other and to the gene expression profile of non-infected cells using Agilent Whole Genome Microarray technology. We could identify major differences in viral modulation of host cell immune response genes, especially an induction of genes involved in leukocyte migration and Toll-like receptor signalling in cowpox and monkeypox virus infected cells. This was not observed following vaccinia virus infection. If these differences contribute to the different clinical manifestation of cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus infections in certain host species remains to be elucidated. We analyzed the gene expression profile of HeLa cells wich were either mock-infected or infected with Vaccinia virus strain IHD-W, Cowpox virus strain Brighton Red or Monkeypox virus strain MSF#6 at a multiplicity of infection of 5. Experiments were performed in duplicate. At 6 h post infection total RNA was isolated from infected cells and used for microarray analysis.
2012-04-14 | E-GEOD-36854 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Orthopoxviruses are large DNA viruses which can cause disease in numerous host species. Even though the eradication of variola virus - the causative agent of human smallpox – succeeded, with the end of vaccinations several other orthopoxviruses emerged as potential threat to human health. For instance, animal-borne monkeypox virus, cowpox virus and closely related vaccinia virus are all capable of establishing zoonotic infections in humans. The disease caused by each virus differs in terms of expression and severity, but we still know little about the reasons for these different phenotypes. They may be explained by the unique repertoire of host cell modulating factors encoded by each virus. In this study, we aimed at characterizing the specific modulation of the host cells gene expression profile by orthopoxvirus infection. In our study we analyzed changes in host cell gene expression of HeLa cells after infection with cowpox virus, monkeypox virus or vaccinia virus and compared these to each other and to the gene expression profile of non-infected cells using Agilent Whole Genome Microarray technology. We could identify major differences in viral modulation of host cell immune response genes, especially an induction of genes involved in leukocyte migration and Toll-like receptor signalling in cowpox and monkeypox virus infected cells. This was not observed following vaccinia virus infection. If these differences contribute to the different clinical manifestation of cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus infections in certain host species remains to be elucidated.
2012-04-15 | GSE36854 | GEO
Project description:Smallpox is a highly communicable, often fatal diseae. There is currently no licensed treatment for smallpox and vaccinia virus (VV) is currently used for immunization. While immunization with VV can provide good protection against exposure to the smallpox virus, the current vaccine is far from optimal. Complications occur in 1/1,000-1/10,000 vaccinees, with at least one death per million vaccinees. We have constructed recombinant VV strains which are less pathogenic, yet provide a protective immune response. These viruses contain various mutations in the E3L which is known to block the host antiviral response. Identifying the host genes involved in producing a strong protective immunological response to these attenuated viruses would not only increase our understanding of the proteins and pathways involved in effective smallpox vaccination, but aid in the development of alternative vaccine strains which enhance these specific immune responses. We will determine gene expression patterns in HeLa cells at various times following infection with wtVV and several VV constructs containing mutations in the E3L gene. The VV E3L gene product blocks the host antiviral response by sequestering viral danger signals, including double-stranded RNA and Z-DNA. VV constructs containing mutations in E3L which allow host cell recognition of either of these danger signals leads to a decrease in viral pathogensis. In this project we will dissect the cellular inflammatory response to infection with wtVV in comparison to VV containing mutations in the E3L gene. By understanding why certain strains of VV are non-pathogenic, yet highly immunogenic, it is possible to gain a better understanding on the mechanisms of poxvirus pathogenesis and the host response. We will examine three times points following infection with VV: 2 HPI, 6 HPI and 9 HPI. These times points represent keys points in the virus replication cycle. Several VV constructs will be used which contain mutations in the E3L gene. These constructs alter the ability of E3L to sequester double-stranded RNA and/or Z-DNA and therefore have a direct effect on viral pathogenesis. Fourteen constructs will be used including: mock, wtVV, VVdelE3L, VVE3Ldel83N, VVE3Ldel37N, VVE3Ldel26C, VVE3Ldel7C, VVE3L Y48A, VVE3L P63A, VVE3L K167T, VV-ATV, VV-ADAR/E3L, VVdelK3L, VVdelK3L-E3Ldel37N. Cells will be infected at an MOI of 5 to allow infection of all cells. At each time point, cells will be harvested by scraping. RNA will be isolated using a Trizol RNA extraction protocol (Invitrogen) followed by RNA purification using the RNeasy cleanup kit available from Qiagen. Keywords: time-course
2008-04-23 | GSE11238 | GEO
Project description:Viral infection outcomes are governed by the complex and dynamic interplay between the infecting virus population and the host response. It is increasingly clear that both viral and host cell populations are highly heterogeneous, but little is known about how this heterogeneity influences infection dynamics or viral pathogenicity. To dissect the interactions between influenza A virus (IAV) and host cell heterogeneity, we examined the combined host and viral transcriptomes of thousands of individual cells, each infected with a single IAV virion. We observed complex patterns of viral gene expression and the existence of multiple distinct host transcriptional responses to infection at the single cell level. We show that human H1N1 and H3N2 strains differ significantly in patterns of both viral and host anti-viral gene transcriptional heterogeneity at the single cell level. Our analyses also reveal that semi-infectious particles that fail to express the viral NS can play a dominant role in triggering the innate anti-viral response to infection. Altogether, these data reveal how patterns of viral population heterogeneity can serve as a major determinant of antiviral gene activation.
2020-06-18 | GSE143167 | GEO
Project description:Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) immunisation is being deployed to curb the current outbreak of mpox in multiple countries1. Originally authorized for vaccination against smallpox, MVA is a vaccinia virus (VACV) strain that does not replicate in human cells or cause serious adverse events. Here, we conducted a highly multiplexed proteomic analysis2 to quantify >9,000 cellular proteins and ~80% of viral proteins at five time points throughout MVA infection of human cells3. 690 human proteins were down-regulated >2-fold by MVA, revealing a substantial remodelling of the host proteome. >25% of these MVA targets, including multiple components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), were not shared with VACV-Western Reserve4, which is derived from a first generation smallpox vaccine associated with serious adverse events. Using pharmacological inhibition of viral DNA replication and heat-inactivated virions, we discovered that post-replicative gene expression is necessary for the downregulation of NPC proteins and for elements of MVA antagonism of innate immune sensing. Our approach thus provides the first global view of the impact of MVA infection on the host proteome, offers insights into how MVA interacts with the antiviral defences and identifies cellular mechanisms that may underpin the abortive infection of human cells. These discoveries will prove vital to the rational design of future generations of vaccines.
2023-10-11 | PXD039034 | Pride
Project description:The primary goal of this project is to monitor host global gene expression patterns in response to viral infection in the shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris.
2012-08-09 | GSE39887 | GEO