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Cyclophilin D extramitochondrial signaling controls cell cycle progression and chemokine-directed cell motility.

ABSTRACT: Mitochondria control bioenergetics and cell fate decisions, but whether they also participate in extra-organelle signaling is not understood. Here, we show that interference with cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial matrix protein and apoptosis regulator, causes accelerated cell proliferation and enhanced cell migration and invasion. These responses are associated with global transcriptional changes in CypD-/- cells, predominantly affecting chemokines and their receptors, and resulting in increased activating phosphorylation of Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). In turn, STAT3 signaling promotes increased proliferation of CypD-/- cells via accelerated S-phase entry and supports Cxcl12-directed paracrine cell motility. Therefore, mitochondria-to-nuclei transcriptional signaling globally affects cell division and motility. As immunosuppressive therapies often target CypD, this pathway may predispose the tissue microenvironment of these patients to oncogenic transformation.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE41280 | GEO | 2013/03/08

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA176452

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Cyclophilin D extramitochondrial signaling controls cell cycle progression and chemokine-directed cell motility.

Project description:Mitochondria control bioenergetics and cell fate decisions, but whether they also participate in extra-organelle signaling is not understood. Here, we show that interference with cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial matrix protein and apoptosis regulator, causes accelerated cell proliferation and enhanced cell migration and invasion. These responses are associated with global transcriptional changes in CypD-/- cells, predominantly affecting chemokines and their receptors, and resulting in increased activating phosphorylation of Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). In turn, STAT3 signaling promotes increased proliferation of CypD-/- cells via accelerated S-phase entry and supports Cxcl12-directed paracrine cell motility. Therefore, mitochondria-to-nuclei transcriptional signaling globally affects cell division and motility. As immunosuppressive therapies often target CypD, this pathway may predispose the tissue microenvironment of these patients to oncogenic transformation. Three wild type (WT) and three CypD-/- knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been compared.

2013-03-08 | E-GEOD-41280 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Cyclophilin D promotes disease tolerance to influenza A virus infection by licensing NK cell development and function

Project description:An effective immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) requires two arms: host resistance, which restricts viral replication, and disease tolerance that limits tissue damage caused by the immune response to IAV. Interestingly, fatal influenza infections are more often associated with dysregulated inflammation, rather than an inability to control viral replication, highlighting the importance of mechanisms involved in disease tolerance to IAV. Here, we show that cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial protein known to regulate cell death and cytokine production, protects against IAV infection through disease tolerance. Mice deficient in CypD (CypD-/-) exhibit enhanced susceptibility to IAV infection, despite comparable myeloid immune responses and intact antiviral immunity. Instead, CypD-/- susceptibility was due to pulmonary tissue damage, caused by a lack of the cytokine IL-22 that protects the lung epithelium. We found the necessary source of IL-22 following IAV infection to be conventional natural killer (NK) cells that failed to reach the airways of infected CypD-deficient mice, as a result of dysregulated lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow. Importantly, following infection, a single administration of recombinant IL-22 in the airways abrogated pulmonary damage and rescued CypD-/- mice. Thus, the CypD/IL-22/NK cell axis is critical in immunity to IAV by promoting disease tolerance, limiting lung tissue damage and maintaining pulmonary function.

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Cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition amplifies inflammatory reprogramming in endotoxemia

Project description:We aimed to understand the role of cyclophilin D (CypD)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) in the immunosuppressive phase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. The liver plays an important role in immunity and organ dysfunction; therefore, on liver RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data, Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA ®) was used to investigate the complex role of mPT formation in inflammatory reprogramming and disease progression. LPS induced significant changes in the expression of 2715 genes, affecting 179 pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunction, defective oxidative phosphorylation, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and tumor necrosis factor α receptors (TNFRs) mediated processes in wild-type mice. The disruption of CypD reduced the LPS-induced alterations in gene expression and pathways involving TNFRs and TLRs, in addition to improving survival and attenuating oxidative liver damage and the related NO- and ROS-producing pathways. CypD deficiency diminished the suppressive effect of LPS on mitochondrial function, nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded genes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantity, which could be critical in improving survival. Our data propose that CypD-dependent mPT is an amplifier in inflammatory reprogramming and promotes disease progression. The mortality in human sepsis and shock is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Prevention of mPT by CypD disruption reduces inflammatory reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lethality; therefore, CypD can be a novel drug target in endotoxic shock and related inflammatory diseases.

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Project description:We have found that cyclophilin B (CypB) expression is important for malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell proliferation. To identify molecular mechanisms that could explain CypB-dependent survival in human GBM cells, a microarray analysis was performed using RNA prepared from U251MG GBM cells transduced with lentiviral CypB shRNA. These data revealed that about 130 genes were more than 2-fold affected by CypB depletion. Significant alterations in the expression of genes related to cell death, cell proliferation and cell migration were found in the shCypB cells. U251 glioblastoma cells transduced with lentivirus expressing non-target control shRNA (shCON) were compared to cells transduced with lentivirus expressing shRNA sequence against cyclophilin B (shCypB). Cells transduced with the lentiviral shRNA (shCON VS shCypB) for 5 days before total RNA extraction. Three biological replicates of cells treated with each shRNA (shCON or shCypB) were profiled.

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