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The sulfated laminarin triggers a stress transcriptome before priming the SA- and ROSdependent defenses during grapevine's induced resistance against Plasmopara viticola

ABSTRACT: Cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens which cause significant losses to viticulture worldwide. Chemical control is available, but agro-ecological concerns have raised interest in alternative methods, especially in elicitation of plant immunity by bio-molecules such as Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). We have demonstrated that the beta-glucan laminarin (Lam) and its sulfated derivative (PS3) induce a PAMP-triggered immunity in grapevine against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). However, if Lam elicits classical grapevine defenses, PS3 triggered grapevine resistance via a poorly understood priming phenomenon. The aim of this study was to discover the mechanism of the PS3-induced resistance. On uninfected grapevine, we first investigated defense signaling and performed microarray experiments to identify early events and genes directly triggered by PS3. Our results showed that PS3 i) was unable to elicit ROS and NO production, cytosolic Ca2+ variations, MAPK activation but triggered a long lasting plasma membrane depolarization in grapevine cells ii) up-regulated a stress-responsive transcriptome close to the one induced by Lam but only partly overlapping the ones triggered by salicylate (SA) or jasmonate (JA). Finally, in response to P. viticola infection, PS3 specifically primed the SA- and ROS-dependent defense pathways leading to grapevine triggered immunity against this biotroph. Keywords: cell death, induced resistance, oomycete, priming, reactive oxygen species, salicylate, sulfated laminarin, transcriptomics, Vitis vinifera.

ORGANISM(S): Vitis vinifera

PROVIDER: GSE42972 | GEO | 2013/12/16

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA184014

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Grapevine downy mildew caused by the Oomycete Plasmopara viticola is one of the most important diseases affecting Vitis spp. However, all cultivated European grapevine varieties are susceptible to P. viticola and the resistance needs to be introduced from other Vitaceae. Segregating populations derived from Muscadinia rotundifolia, a species closely related to Vitis, lead to the identification and mapping of two resistance genes, named Rpv1 and Rpv2. The macroscopic phenotypes of the resistance mediated by the two loci are different. Rpv2 plants completely inhibit P. viticola sporulation and produce very small necrotic lesions. In contrast, Rpv1 plants allow a rather limited but visible sporulation of P. viticola. The aim of the study is to understand the gene expression changes associated with downy mildew resistance mediated by these two loci. Gene expression patterns after P. viticola inoculation or mock inoculation are compared in incompatible (resistant plants bearing Rpv1 or Rpv2 locus) and compatible (susceptible plants with no resistance loci) interactions, using the Vitis vinifera GeneChip from Affymetrix. In order to limit the effect of the genetic background, the plant material consists in three pools of genotypes called B, C and D, respectively corresponding to partially resistant plants (Rpv1+/Rpv2-), totally resistant plants (Rpv1-/Rpv2+), and susceptible plants (Rpv1-/Rpv2-) derived from a segregating population. Each pool consists in 3 different genotypes. Plant leaf discs were inoculated with P. viticola sporangium suspension (i) or mock-inoculated with water (ni) and analysed 6 hours post-inoculation. For each experimental condition, we performed two biological replicates. Experiment Overall Design: 3 plant genotypes were analyzed: Rpv1+/Rpv2- (B), Rpv1-/Rpv2+ (C), and Rpv1-/Rpv2- (D). Plants were either inoculated with P. viticola (i) or mock-inoculated with water (ni). Biological replicates were performed for each experimental condition.

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The sulfated laminarin triggers a stress transcriptome before priming the SA- and ROSdependent defenses during grapevine's induced resistance against Plasmopara viticola

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