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In vitro selection for chitosan-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - phenotypic and molecular characterisation of resistance development

ABSTRACT: A mutant of SG511 (wild type isolate), resistant to the presence of chitosan (polycationic molecule) was obtained following serial passage experiments resistance to chitosan exposition. Transcriptomic experiments showed alteration in the expression of genes involved in the cell wall regulon resulting in the modification of susceptibility phenotype against cell wall active antibiotics

ORGANISM(S): Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252 Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MSSA476

PROVIDER: GSE48912 | GEO | 2014/07/15

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA212299

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Chitosan has been widely used in food industry as a weight-loss aid and a cholesterol-lowering agent. Previous studies have shown that chitosan affects metabolic responses and contributes to anti-diabetic, hypocholestermic, and blood glucose-lowering effects; however, the in vivo targeting sites and mechanisms of chitosan remain to be clarified. In this study, we constructed transgenic mice which carried the luciferase genes driven by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a key regulator of fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Bioluminescent imaging of PPAR transgenic mice was applied to report the organs that chitosan acted on, and gene expression profiles of chitosan-targeted organs were further analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms of chitosan. Bioluminescent imaging showed that constitutive PPAR activities were detected in brain and gastrointestinal tract. Administration of chitosan significantly activated the PPAR activities in brain and stomach. Microarray analysis of brain and stomach showed that several pathways involved in lipid and glucose metabolism were regulated by chitosan. Moreover, the expression levels of metabolism-associated genes like apolipoprotein B (apoB) and ghrelin genes were down-regulated by chitosan. In conclusion, these findings suggested the feasibility of PPAR bioluminescent imaging-guided transcriptomic analysis on the evaluation of chitosan-affected metabolic responses in vivo. Moreover, we newly identified that downregulated expression of apoB and ghrelin genes were novel mechanisms for chitosan-affected metabolic responses in vivo . Mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were subcutaneously injected saline or 0.2 g/kg chitosan. Chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (MW=4000-6000, >90% deacetylation) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in DDW. For rosiglitazone treatment, mice were orally administered 50 mg/kg rosiglitazone. Mice were then imaged for the luciferase activity or sacrificed for microarray analysis at indicated periods.

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In vitro selection for chitosan-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - phenotypic and molecular characterisation of resistance development

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