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Meiotic cohesins modulate chromosome compaction during meiotic prophase in fission yeast

ABSTRACT: The meiotic cohesin Rec8 is required for the stepwise segregation of chromosomes during the two rounds of meiotic division. By directly measuring chromosome compaction in living cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we found an additional role for the meiotic cohesin in the compaction of chromosomes during meiotic prophase. In the absence of Rec8, chromosomes were decompacted relative to those of wild-type cells. Conversely, loss of the cohesin-associated protein Pds5 resulted in hyper-compaction. While this hyper-compaction requires Rec8, binding of Rec8 to chromatin was reduced in the absence of Pds5, indicating that Pds5 promotes chromosome association of Rec8. To explain these observations, we propose that meiotic prophase chromosomes are organized as chromatin loops emanating from a Rec8-containing axis; the absence of Rec8 disrupts the axis, resulting in disorganized chromosomes, whereas reduced Rec8 loading results in a longitudinally compacted axis with fewer attachment points and longer chromatin loops. Keywords: ChIP-chip analysis

ORGANISM(S): Schizosaccharomyces pombe

PROVIDER: GSE5284 | GEO | 2006/08/23

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA96393

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Meiotic cohesins modulate chromosome compaction during meiotic prophase in fission yeast

Project description:The meiotic cohesin Rec8 is required for the stepwise segregation of chromosomes during the two rounds of meiotic division. By directly measuring chromosome compaction in living cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we found an additional role for the meiotic cohesin in the compaction of chromosomes during meiotic prophase. In the absence of Rec8, chromosomes were decompacted relative to those of wild-type cells. Conversely, loss of the cohesin-associated protein Pds5 resulted in hyper-compaction. While this hyper-compaction requires Rec8, binding of Rec8 to chromatin was reduced in the absence of Pds5, indicating that Pds5 promotes chromosome association of Rec8. To explain these observations, we propose that meiotic prophase chromosomes are organized as chromatin loops emanating from a Rec8-containing axis; the absence of Rec8 disrupts the axis, resulting in disorganized chromosomes, whereas reduced Rec8 loading results in a longitudinally compacted axis with fewer attachment points and longer chromatin loops. Keywords: ChIP-chip analysis ChIP analysis of Rec8: In all cases, hybridization data for ChIP fraction was compared with that of SUP (supernatant) fraction. Pombe chromosome II, III array was used.

2010-07-01 | E-GEOD-5284 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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Transcription Dynamically Patterns the Meiotic Chromosome-Axis Interface [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Meiotic chromosomes are highly compacted yet remain transcriptionally active. To understand how chromosome folding accommodates transcription, we investigated the assembly of the axial element, the proteinaceous structure that compacts meiotic chromosomes and promotes recombination and fertility. We found that the axial-element proteins of budding yeast are flexibly anchored to chromatin by the ring-like cohesin complex and biased towards small chromosomes by a separate modulating mechanism that requires the conserved axial element component Hop1. The ubiquitous presence of cohesin at sites of convergent transcription provides well-dispersed points for axis attachment and thus compaction. Axis protein enrichment at these sites directly correlates with the propensity for recombination initiation nearby. Importantly, axis anchoring by cohesin is adjustable and readily displaced in the direction of transcription by the transcriptional machinery. We propose that such robust but flexible tethering allows the highly structured axial element to promote recombination while easily adapting to changes in chromosome activity. ChIP-seq experiments were undertaken to understand the features of meiotic chromosomal axes assembly in meiosis. The genome-wide distribution of axis proteins including Hop1, Red1 as well as cohesin subunits Rec8 and Smc3 were measured. Axis protein binding pattern is also measured in rec8 mutant and pREC8-SCC1 in rec8 mutant.

2015-08-06 | E-GEOD-69231 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Rec8 cohesin-mediated loop-axis chromatin architecture is required for meiotic recombination

Project description:During meiotic prophase, cohesin-dependent axial structures are formed in the synaptonemal complex (SC). However, functional correlation between these structure formation and cohesion remains elusive. Here we examined formation of the cohesin-dependent axial structure in fission yeast, which forms atypical SCs composed of linear elements (LinEs) resembling the lateral elements of SC but lacking the central elements, and found that Rec8 cohesin is crucial for the formation of the loop-axis structure within the atypical SC. Furthermore, the Rec8-mediated loop-axis structure is formed in the absence of LinEs, and provides a structural platform for aligning homologous chromosomes. We also succeeded to identify a rec8 mutant that lost the ability of assembling the loop-axis structure without losing cohesion. Remarkably, this mutant showed defects in LinE assembly, resulting in great reduction of meiotic recombination. Collectively, our results demonstrate an essential role of the Rec8-dependent loop-axis structure in LinE assembly, facilitating meiotic recombination.

2022-04-27 | GSE192516 | GEO

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2015-08-06 | E-GEOD-69230 | biostudies-arrayexpress

DNA double-strand breaks regulate the cleavage-independent release of Rec8-cohesin during yeast meiosis

Project description:The mitotic cohesin complex necessary for sister chromatid cohesion and chromatin loop formation shows local and global association to chromosomes in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, by genome-wide binding analysis of the meiotic cohesin with Rec8 as a kleisin, we found that Rec8 shows dynamic localization from middle to late meiotic prophase I with cleavage-independent global dissociation along chromosomes, driven by meiotic DSB formation. Each Rec8 binding site on the chromosome axis follows distinct dynamics with dissociation and association. Centromeres also showed reduced Rec8 binding in late prophase I relative to mid-prophase I, implying chromosome remodeling of the regions. Rec8 dissociation profile per chromosome is largely correlated with meiotic DSB density. Indeed, the spo11 mutant deficient in meiotic DSB formation did not show the cleavage-independent dissociation of Rec8 in late meiotic prophase I. These suggest the presence of a regulatory pathway for global Rec8-cohesin dynamics in response to meiotic DSBs.

2023-12-31 | GSE224074 | GEO

Meiotic recombination cold spots in chromosomal cohesion sites [ChIP-chip]

Project description:Meiotic chromosome architecture called M-bM-^@M-^\axis-loop structuresM-bM-^@M-^] and histone modifications have been demonstrated to regulate the Spo11-dependent formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that trigger meiotic recombination. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses followed by deep sequencing, we compared the genome-wide distribution of the axis protein Rec8 (the kleisin subunit of meiotic cohesin) with that of oligomeric DNA covalently bound to Spo11, indicative of DSB sites. The frequency of DSB sites is overall constant between Rec8 binding sites. However, DSB cold spots are observed in regions spanning M-BM-10.8 kb around Rec8 binding sites. The axis-associated cold spots are not due to exclusion of Spo11 localization from the axis, since ChIP experiments revealed that substantial Spo11 persists at Rec8 binding sites during DSB formation. Spo11 fused with Gal4 DNA binding domain (Gal4BD-Spo11) tethered in close proximity (M-bM-^IM-$0.8 kb) to Rec8 binding sites hardly forms meiotic DSBs, in contrast with other regions. In addition, H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) remarkably decreases at Rec8 binding sites. These results suggest that reduced histone H3K4me3 in combination with inactivation of Spo11 activity on the axis discourages DSB hot spot formation. ChIP-chip analysis of Rec8 on fission yeast meiotic chromosomes

2014-03-31 | E-GEOD-52858 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Meiotic recombination cold spots in chromosomal cohesion sites [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Meiotic chromosome architecture called M-bM-^@M-^\axis-loop structuresM-bM-^@M-^] and histone modifications have been demonstrated to regulate the Spo11-dependent formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that trigger meiotic recombination. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses followed by deep sequencing, we compared the genome-wide distribution of the axis protein Rec8 (the kleisin subunit of meiotic cohesin) with that of oligomeric DNA covalently bound to Spo11, indicative of DSB sites. The frequency of DSB sites is overall constant between Rec8 binding sites. However, DSB cold spots are observed in regions spanning M-BM-10.8 kb around Rec8 binding sites. The axis-associated cold spots are not due to exclusion of Spo11 localization from the axis, since ChIP experiments revealed that substantial Spo11 persists at Rec8 binding sites during DSB formation. Spo11 fused with Gal4 DNA binding domain (Gal4BD-Spo11) tethered in close proximity (M-bM-^IM-$0.8 kb) to Rec8 binding sites hardly forms meiotic DSBs, in contrast with other regions. In addition, H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) remarkably decreases at Rec8 binding sites. These results suggest that reduced histone H3K4me3 in combination with inactivation of Spo11 activity on the axis discourages DSB hot spot formation. ChIP-seq analyses of Rec8, Spo11, and Gal4BD-Spo11 on budding yeast meiotic chromosomes M-bM-^@M-" Distribution of Rec8 in wt and Gal4BD-Spo11-expressing cells at 4h after meiotic induction M-bM-^@M-" Distribution of Spo11 at 3h, 4h, and 5h after meiotic induction M-bM-^@M-" Distribution of Gal4BD-Spo11 at 0h after meiotic induction

2014-03-31 | E-GEOD-52862 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Centromere Pairing Enables Correct Segregation of Meiotic Chromosomes

Project description:Comparison of genome binding/occupancy profiling of the cohesin subunit Rec8 by high throughput sequencing in WT and ctf19-9A strains in meiotic prophase I.

2024-01-28 | GSE254215 | GEO

Dynamic Reorganization of the Genome Shapes the Recombination Landscape in Meiotic Prophase

Project description:In meiotic prophase, chromosomes are organized into compacted loop arrays to promote homolog pairing and recombination. Here, we probe the architecture of the mouse spermatocyte genome in early and late meiotic prophase using Hi-C. We show that early-prophase chromosomes are arranged as linear arrays of 0.8-1 Mb loops, which extend to 1.5-2 Mb in late prophase as chromosomes compact and homologs undergo synapsis. Topologically associating domains (TADs) are lost in meiotic prophase, suggesting that assembly of the meiotic chromosome axis dramatically reduces the dynamics of chromosome-associated cohesin complexes. While TADs are lost, physically-separated A and B compartments are maintained in meiotic prophase. Moreover, meiotic DNA breaks and inter-homolog crossovers preferentially form in the gene-dense A compartment, revealing a role for chromatin organization in meiotic recombination. Finally, direct detection of inter-homolog contacts genome-wide reveals the structural basis for homolog alignment and juxtaposition by the synaptonemal complex.

2018-11-17 | GSE122622 | GEO

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