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Transcriptome-wide analysis of the response of the thecosome pteropod Clio pyramidata to short-term moderate CO2 exposure

ABSTRACT: Ocean acidification, resulting from the dissolution of excess CO2 produced by humans into the ocean, is predicted to impact a broad variety of marine taxa, particularly calcifying animals such as the thecosome (shelled) pteropods. To achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms of pteropod calcification and physiological compensation for high CO2 exposure, we investigated the transcriptomic responses of Clio pyramidata, a cosmopolitan diel migratory thecosome. Individuals were sampled from the Northwest Atlantic in the fall of 2011 and were exposed to ambient (~380 ppm) and end of the century predicted CO2 levels (~800 ppm) and their oxygen consumption was measured. We then used RNA-seq technology to assess transcriptome-wide effects of exposure to elevated CO2. We conducted a de novo assembly of the transcriptome of C. pyramidata, annotated the genes associated with biomineralization, and assessed the differential gene expression patterns. This assembly reveals a number of similarities with other molluscan transcriptomes, and some similar biomineralization genes such as perlucin, calmodulin, regucalcin and SPARC. The results of the differential expression indicate that there is a great deal of natural variability in gene expression and suggest that a few genes putatively associated with biomineralization, particularly perlucin, were up-regulated in the high CO2 treatment. This is the first experiment employing gene expression analysis to investigate the effects of CO2 on a planktonic open-ocean species, providing the first insights into the effects of acidification on these important planktonic calcifiers and suggesting interesting gene families which may prove useful in further ecophysiological, biomaterials and phylogenetic studies.

ORGANISM(S): Clio pyramidata

PROVIDER: GSE53151 | GEO | 2015/09/27

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA231010

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Molluscan larval ontogeny is a highly conserved process typical of 3 principal developmental stages. A characteristic unique to each of these stages is shell design, termed prodissoconch I, prodissoconch II and dissoconch. These shells vary in morphology, mineralogy and microstructure. The discrete temporal transitions in shell biomineralization between these larval stages are utilized in this study to investigate transcriptional involvement in several distinct biomineralization events. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of P. maxima larvae and juveniles collected throughout post-embryonic ontogenesis, document the mineralogy and microstructure of each shelled stage as well as establishing a timeline for transitions in biomineralization. P. maxima larval samples most representative of these biomineralization distinctions and transitions were analyzed for differential gene expression on the microarray platform PmaxArray 1.0. A number of transcripts are reported as differentially expressed in correlation to the mineralization events of P. maxima larval ontogeny. Some of those isolated are known shell matrix genes while others are novel, these are discussed in relation to potential shell formation roles. This interdisciplinary investigation has married the shell developments of P. maxima larval ontogeny with corresponding gene expression profiles, furthering the elucidation of shell biomineralization. Keywords: Temporal expression profiling by array Microarray is used to examine the temporal differential expression of transcripts from several bivalve larval development stages including 24hrs post fertilization, 3 days, 17 days, 20 days, 23 days, 26 days, 30 days, 35 days, 40 days. Differential expression profiles for transcripts of all the temporal samples was determined based on comparison to a common reference of unfertilized eggs. Each temporal larval sample included in the study has at least 3 replicate hybridizations. Dye flips have been incorporated in the replicates. A total of 46 microarray hybridizations were performed in this investigation for differential expression analysis.

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Transcriptome-wide analysis of the response of the thecosome pteropod Clio pyramidata to short-term moderate CO2 exposure

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