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Large conserved domains of low DNA methylation maintained by 5-hydroxymethycytosine and Dnmt3a (CMS bisulfite-seq)

ABSTRACT: Gains and losses in DNA methylation are prominent genomic features of all mammalian cell types. To gain insight into mechanisms that could promote shifts in DNA 5-hydroxymethylation (5hmc) patterns and thus contribute to cell fate, including malignant transformation, we performed genome-wide mapping of 5hmc in purified wild type and Dnmt3a conditional knockout hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using cytosine-5-methylenesulphonate sequencing (CMS-seq). Comparing anti-CMS pulldown to input control, we identified 107,549 and 175,682 peaks of 5hmc enrichment in control and Dnmt3a knockout HSCs, respectively.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE53742 | GEO | 2014/01/22

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA232778

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:During differentiation, neurons experience a reorganization of DNA modification patterns within their genomes. However, the mechanisms underlying this developmental patterning and its role in defining the neuronaÂÂl state are currently unclear. Here, we find that the dÂÂe novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a is necessary for elevated levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a derivative of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Through an analysis of genome-wide 5mC and 5hmC distributions in isolated OSNs, we find that Dnmt3a-dependent 5mC and 5hmC occurs within regions of high accessibility, neural enhancers, and the transcription start sites of transcribed genes. Its loss results in the global disruption of gene expression patterns, including the upregulation of silent genes, the downregulation of mOSN-expressed genes, and the alteration of odorant-induced transcriptional responses of immediate early genes. Together, these results demonstrate that Dnmt3a is necessary to define the neuronal transcriptional state and may be broadly involved in refining expression profiles within differentiated cells. To determine the contributions of Dnmt3a to the DNA modification and transcriptional landscapes of a post-mitotic neuronal population, we performed DNA immunoprecipitation (DIP-seq) using antibodies specific for 5mC and 5hmC and rRNA-depleted transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) coupled to high-throughput sequencing using genomic DNA or RNA from FACS-isolated mature olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs) from main olfactory epithelium (MOE) of Dnmt3a wildtype (WT), heterozygous-null (Het), or homozygous-null (KO) 3-week old mice. Similarly, to compare this information with other epigenetic features of the MOE, we performed H3K4me1 (WT), H3K27ac (WT), and H3K27me3 (WT and KO) chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq and DNase I hypersensitivity assays (DNase-seq) using MOE nuclei from 3-week old mice. In addition, we assayed the influence of Dnmt3a-deficiency on the induction of odorant-responsive genes by exposing 3-week old Dnmt3a WT, Het, and KO mice to either water or a 1:1:1 mixture of amyl acetate:acetophenone:octanal for 1 hour and performed rRNA-depleted RNA-seq using RNA isolated from their MOEs.

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Large conserved domains of low DNA methylation maintained by 5-hydroxymethycytosine and Dnmt3a (CMS bisulfite-seq)

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