The Cellular and Molecular Origin of Tumor-associated Macrophages
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE56755 | GEO | 2014/04/18
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA244814
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Long recognized as an evolutionarily ancient cell type involved in tissue homeostasis and immune defense against pathogens, macrophages are being rediscovered as regulators of several diseases including cancer. Here we show that in mice, mammary tumor growth induces the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that are phenotypically and functionally distinct from mammary tissue macrophages (MTMs). TAMs express the adhesion molecule Vcam1 and proliferate upon their differentiation from inflammatory monocytes, but do not exhibit an “alternatively activated” phenotype. TAM differentiation depends on the transcriptional regulator of Notch signaling, RBPJ; and TAM, but not MTM, depletion restores tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cell responses and suppresses tumor growth. These findings reveal the ontogeny of TAMs and a discrete tumor-elicited inflammatory response, which may provide new opportunities for cancer immunotherapy. MMTV-PyMT mice (Jackson Laboratory) were backcrossed to the C57BL/6 background for 10 generations. Rbpjfl/fl mice were provided by Tasuku Honjo and crossed to CD11ccre mice provided by Boris Reizis. Littermate controls were used in all experiments when possible. All mice were maintained in a specific pathogen-free facility and animal experimentation was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines. In the MMTV-PyMT spontaneous mammary tumor model, we found the key Notch transcriptional regulator, RBPJ, to be required for TAM terminal differentiation from inflammatory monocytes. The bulk myeloid cell population that remains in CD11cCreRbpj fl/fl mice (the cells in "Rbpj KO" samples), represents monocytes that have begun their differentiation into macrophages, but are unable to terminally differentiate due to the lack of Rbpj.
2014-04-18 | E-GEOD-56755 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote malignant progression. In breast cancer, TAMs enhance tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, matrix remodeling, and immune suppression against the tumor. In this study, we examined late-stage mammary tumors from a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. We used flow cytometry under conditions that minimized gene expression changes to isolate a rigorously defined TAM population previously shown to be associated with invasive carcinoma cells. The gene expression signature of this population was compared with a similar population derived from spleens of non-tumor-bearing mice using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Using stringent selection criteria, transcript abundance of 460 genes was shown to be differentially regulated between the two populations. Bioinformatic analyses of known functions of these genes indicated that formerly ascribed TAM functions, including suppression of immune activation and matrix remodeling, as well as multiple mediators of tumor angiogenesis, were elevated in TAMs. Further bioinformatic analyses confirmed that a pure and valid TAM gene expression signature in mouse tumors could be used to assess expression of TAMs in human breast cancer. The data derived from these more physiologically relevant autochthonous tumors compared with previous studies in tumor xenografts suggest tactics by which TAMs may regulate tumor angiogenesis and thus provide a basis for exploring other transcriptional mediators of TAM trophic functions within the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages from late-stage mouse mammary tumors compared to splenic macrophages from non-tumor-bearing littermate controls. 4 biological replicates of each population were compared via gene expression arrays.
2010-06-21 | E-GEOD-18404 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Macrophages have been implicated in breast cancer progression and metastasis, but relatively little is known about the genes and pathways that are involved. Using a conditional allele of Ets2 in the mouse, we have identified Ets2 as a critical gene in tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) that specifically promotes mammary tumor metastasis. Loss of Ets2 in TAMs decreased the frequency and size of lung metastases without impacting primary tumor burden. Expression profiling of isolated tumor macrophages established that Ets2 deficiency resulted in the de-repression of a defined set of anti-angiogenic genes. Activation of this transcriptional program correlated with decreased angiogenesis in metastatic tumors and decreased metastatic growth. Comparison of this Ets2-specific TAM expression profile with human breast cancer profiles revealed a macrophage gene expression signature that could predict overall survival of estrogen receptor negative patients. In summary, we have identified a critical factor, Ets2, in TAMs that represses a transcriptional program to promote the growth of mammary tumor metastases in the lung. Breast TAMs were isolated from early-stage PyMT-induced mammary tumors expressing Ets2 and also from the tumors with Ets2-deficient TAMs. Since macrophages have also been implicated in normal mammary gland remodeling, normal remeodeling macrophages were also purified from females expressing Ets2 and the ones where Ets2 is deleted in the macrophages. One RNA sample was extracted from each genetic group for gene-expression profiling.
2010-01-05 | E-GEOD-12863 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers worldwide. EOC cells educate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through CD44-mediated cholesterol depletion to generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, tumor cells frequently activate Notch1 receptors on endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate metastasis. However, little is known whether the endothelium would also influence the education of recruited monocytes. Here, we report that canonical Notch signaling through RBPJ in ECs is an important player in the education of TAMs and EOC progression. Deletion of Rbpj in the endothelium of adult mice reduced infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into the TME of EOC and prevented the acquisition of a typical TAM gene signature. This was associated with stronger cytotoxic activity of T cells and decreased tumor burden. Mechanistically, we identified CXCL2 as a novel Notch/RBPJ target gene. This angiocrine factor regulates the expression of CD44 on monocytes and subsequent cholesterol depletion of TAMs. Bioinformatic analysis of ovarian cancer patient data showed that increased CXCL2 expression is accompanied by higher expression of CD44 and TAM education. As such, EOC cells employ the tumor endothelium to secrete CXCL2 in order to facilitate an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
2022-09-15 | GSE213371 | GEO
Project description:Tumor associated macrophages show signs of both, classical pro-inflammatory as well as alternative macrophage activation. The aim of this study was to compare TAMs across tumor types, to characterize their phenotype in detail and to identify the signaling nodules involved regulating classical and alternative activation traits. To identify gene expression profiles and pathways differentially activated in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) we isolated TAMs from in vivo animal models of EG7 thymoma (n=3), glioma (n=3) and neuroblastoma (n=3) by tumor digestion and subsequent enrichment of CD11b+ cells using Miltenyi magnetic beads. Thymomas grown in WT or Myd88-/- mice (n=5 per group) were used to identify TLR/IL1R dependent signaling in TAMs. RNA extracted from CD11b+ TAMs was analyzed using the Affymetrx HT_MG-430_PM arrays. For in-depth analysis of the role of inflammatory signaling by TNFR1 (Tnfrsf1a) and/or Myd88, EG7 TAM populations A (CD11b+, Ly6G-, Ly6C+, MHCII-) and C (CD11b+, Ly6C-, MHCII+) were isolated by flow cytometric sorting from WT, TNFR1-/-, Myd88flox/flox; Tie2-Cre and TNFR-/-; Myd88flox/flox; Tie2-cre mice and extracted RNA was analyzed by microarray using the Mouse Gene 2.0 GeneChip arrays (n=2 per genotype and population).
2015-04-28 | E-GEOD-59047 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have immunosuppressive capacity in mouse models of cancer. Here we show that the genetic deletion of the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzyme DICER in TAMs broadly programs them to a CD11c+MRC1â/low M1-like immunostimulatory phenotype characterized by activated interferon-γ (IFN-γ)/STAT1/IRF signaling. M1-like TAM programming fostered the recruitment of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs), including tumor-antigen-specific CTLs, inhibited tumor growth, and enhanced the efficacy of PD1 checkpoint blockade. Bioinformatics analysis of TAM transcriptomes identified a limited set of miRNAs putatively involved in TAM programming. Re-expression of Let-7 in Dicer-deficient TAMs was sufficient to partly rescue the M2-like (protumoral) TAM phenotype and abate tumor CTL infiltration. Targeted suppression of DICER activity in TAMs may, therefore, stimulate antitumor immunity and enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. To explore the role of DICER in the development, activation and immunological functions of TAMs, we crossed homozygous LysM-Cre (Clausen et al., 1999) with Dicerlox/lox (Harfe et al., 2005) mice to obtain mice with myeloid-cell-specific Dicer1 gene deletion (LysM-Cre;Dicerâ/â, referred to as Dâ/â). These mice were then backcrossed to LysM-Cre to obtain the control LysM-Cre; Dicer+/+ mice (referred to as D+/+). Both LysM-Cre and Dicerlox/lox mutations were always homozygous in our experiment. We then inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells subcutaneously (s.c.) in Dâ/â and control D+/+ mice. Once the tumors were established, we isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) tumor-associated macrophages (F4/80+ cells).
2016-06-13 | E-GEOD-76356 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Macrophages are often prominently present in the tumor microenvironment, where distinct macrophage populations can differentially affect tumor progression. Although metabolism influences macrophage function, studies on the metabolic characteristics of ex vivo tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subsets are rather limited. Using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we now reveal that pro-inflammatory MHC-IIhi TAMs display a hampered TCA cycle, while reparative MHC-IIlo TAMs show a higher oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. Although both TAM subsets rapidly exchange lactate in high lactate conditions, only MHC-IIlo TAMs use lactate as an additional carbon source. Accordingly, lactate supports the oxidative metabolism in MHC-IIlo TAMs, while it decreased the metabolic activity of MHC-IIhi TAMs. Lactate subtly affected the transcriptome of MHC-IIlo TAMs, increased L-arginine metabolism and enhanced T-cell suppressive capacity of these TAMs. Overall, our data uncover the metabolic intricacies of distinct TAM subsets and identify lactate as a carbon source, and metabolic and functional regulator of TAMs.
2021-11-12 | GSE188549 | GEO
Project description:Macrophages have been implicated in breast cancer progression and metastasis, but relatively little is known about the genes and pathways that are involved. Using a conditional allele of Ets2 in the mouse, we have identified Ets2 as a critical gene in tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) that specifically promotes mammary tumor metastasis. Loss of Ets2 in TAMs decreased the frequency and size of lung metastases without impacting primary tumor burden. Expression profiling of isolated tumor macrophages established that Ets2 deficiency resulted in the de-repression of a defined set of anti-angiogenic genes. Activation of this transcriptional program correlated with decreased angiogenesis in metastatic tumors and decreased metastatic growth. Comparison of this Ets2-specific TAM expression profile with human breast cancer profiles revealed a macrophage gene expression signature that could predict overall survival of estrogen receptor negative patients. In summary, we have identified a critical factor, Ets2, in TAMs that represses a transcriptional program to promote the growth of mammary tumor metastases in the lung.
2010-01-05 | GSE12863 | GEO
Project description:Macrophages are frequently the most abundant immune cells in murine and human cancers. Studies in various transgenic mouse tumor models have revealed pro-tumor functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), but despite their association with poor clinical outcome in human patients, molecular signatures for the prediction of clinical outcome in humans are still missingbeen demonstrated. Here we generated molecular signatures from F4/80+CD11b+ TAMs from two transgenic breast cancer models: K14cre;Cdh1flox/flox;Trp53flox/flox (KEP), which resembles human invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and MMTV-NeuT (NeuT), which resembles HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Determination of truly specific TAM transcriptome signatures in breast cancer required relationship analysis with healthy mammary gland tissue macrophages (MTMs), since comparison with macrophages from tissues overestimated TAM-specific gene expression. Furthermore, translation of the TAM signatures to outcome prediction in patients required consideration of the breast cancer subtype. TAM signatures derived from the KEP, but not the NeuT model reliably predicted outcome in ILC patients. Collectively, we show that a transgenic mouse tumor model can be utilized to derive a TAM-based signature for human breast cancer outcome prediction and provide a generalizable strategy for determining and applying specific molecular signatures of immune cells to, in principle, any cancer provided the murine model reflects the human disease.
2019-10-30 | GSE126268 | GEO
Project description:Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote malignant progression. In breast cancer, TAMs enhance tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, matrix remodeling, and immune suppression against the tumor. In this study, we examined late-stage mammary tumors from a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. We used flow cytometry under conditions that minimized gene expression changes to isolate a rigorously defined TAM population previously shown to be associated with invasive carcinoma cells. The gene expression signature of this population was compared with a similar population derived from spleens of non-tumor-bearing mice using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Using stringent selection criteria, transcript abundance of 460 genes was shown to be differentially regulated between the two populations. Bioinformatic analyses of known functions of these genes indicated that formerly ascribed TAM functions, including suppression of immune activation and matrix remodeling, as well as multiple mediators of tumor angiogenesis, were elevated in TAMs. Further bioinformatic analyses confirmed that a pure and valid TAM gene expression signature in mouse tumors could be used to assess expression of TAMs in human breast cancer. The data derived from these more physiologically relevant autochthonous tumors compared with previous studies in tumor xenografts suggest tactics by which TAMs may regulate tumor angiogenesis and thus provide a basis for exploring other transcriptional mediators of TAM trophic functions within the tumor microenvironment.
2009-10-10 | GSE18404 | GEO