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A natural expression variant reveals a novel mechanism of insect resistance in boreal forest trees.

ABSTRACT: We report the discovery of a beta-glucosidase gene (Pgβglu-1) whose expression underpins natural resistance to a major forest pest, the spruce budworm (SBW) in white spruce (Picea glauca (Voss.) Moench). We performed a microarray experiment to compare resistant (R) and non-resistant (N-R) trees. Pgβglu-1 transcripts levels uniquely were up to 1000 times higher in phenotypically resistant trees and correlated with accumulation of acetophenones compounds that reduce SBW development. These resistance traits were heritable, temporally correlated with the emergence of the most damaging larval stages and were highly variable in the natural population across a large geographic area. The recombinant gene product specifically catalyzed the release of biologically active acetophenones from their glucoside precursors. SBW outbreaks have become more frequent and intense; therefore, the phenotypic diversity resulting from variation in Pgβglu-1 expression may be a key for the adaptability of spruce populations.

ORGANISM(S): Picea glauca Picea sitchensis

PROVIDER: GSE57301 | GEO | 2014/05/06

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA246217

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In the autumn, stems of woody perennials such as forest trees undergo a transition from active growth to dormancy. We used microarray transcriptomic profiling in combination with a proteomics analysis to elucidate processes that occur during this growth-to-dormancy transition in a conifer, white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Several differentially expressed genes were likely associated with the developmental transition that occurs during growth cessation in the cambial zone and the concomitant completion of cell maturation in vascular tissues. Genes encoding for cell wall and membrane biosynthetic enzymes showed transcript abundance patterns consistent with completion of cell maturation, and also of cell wall and membrane modifications potentially enabling cells to withstand the harsh conditions of winter. Several differentially expressed genes were identified that encoded putative regulators of cambial activity, cell development, and of the photoperiodic pathway. Reconfiguration of carbon allocation figured centrally in the tree’s overwintering preparations. For example, genes associated with carbon-based defenses such as terpenoids were downregulated, while many genes associated with proteinbased defenses and other stress mitigation mechanisms were upregulated. Several of these correspond to proteins that were accumulated during the growth-to-dormancy transition, emphasizing the importance of stress protection in the tree’s adaptive response to overwintering. Two year old white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) seedlings were used for all experiments, which were conducted as described by El Kayal et al. (2011). Using a complete randomized block design, seedlings were grown in growth chambers under long days (LD; 16h day / 8h night, 20°C, 50 to 60% RH) for 8-10 weeks. Shortly before seedlings were to begin bud formation, the photoperiod was changed to short days (SD; 8h day / 16h night, 20°C, 50 to 60% RH) to induce rapid and synchronous bud formation. This was designated Day 0. Lignified whole stems representing the current year’s growth (microarrays, microscopy) or previous year’s growth (protein analyses) were sampled at 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 70 d (10 wk) SD, and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Remaining plants were maintained in SD for an additional 8-15 wk, and then transferred to low temperatures (LT, 2 - 4°C) for 3 to 4 weeks with continuing SD prior to harvest. These are referred to as LT samples.

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A natural expression variant reveals a novel mechanism of insect resistance in boreal forest trees.

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