Pyruvate kinase M1 and M2 isoform knock in ES cells differentiate into three germ layers
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE57504 | GEO | 2017/03/08
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA246561
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Analysis of wild type, PKm1 KI, 2TS22c and, ZHBTc4 ES cell lines and Embryoid Body from wild type ES cells.
2015-06-01 | GSE57610 | GEO
Project description:Alternative splicing of the Pkm gene product generates the PKM1 and PKM2 isoforms of pyruvate kinase, and PKM2 expression is closely linked to embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer. To interrogate the functional requirement for PKM2 during development and tissue homeostasis, we generated germline PKM2 null mice (Pkm2-/-). Unexpectedly, despite being the primary isoform expressed in most wild-type adult tissues, we found that Pkm2-/- mice are viable and fertile. Thus, PKM2 is not required for embryonic or postnatal development. Loss of PKM2 leads to compensatory expression of PKM1 in the tissues that normally express PKM2. Strikingly, PKM2 loss leads to spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high penetrance that is accompanied by progressive changes in systemic metabolism characterized by altered systemic glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, in addition to its role in cancer metabolism, PKM2 plays a role in controlling systemic metabolic homeostasis and inflammation, thereby preventing HCC by a non-cell-autonomous mechanism. RNA was isolated from flash frozen ground whole liver tissue of 35 week old PKM2 KO and WT mice. Three independent mice from each condition were used as biological replicates.
2016-03-25 | E-GEOD-79535 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Muscle type of pyruvate kinase (PKM) is one of the key mediators of the Warburg effect and tumor metabolism. Due to alternative splicing, there are at least 12 known isoforms of the PKM gene, of which PKM1 and PKM2 are two major isoforms with only a 23 amino acid sequenced difference but quite different characteristics and functions. It was previously thought the isoform switch from PKM1 to PKM2 resulted in high PKM2 expression in tumors, providing a great advantage to tumor cells. However, this traditional view was challenged by two recent studies; one study claimed that this isoform switch does not occur during the Warburg effect; the other study asserted that the isoform switch is tissue-specific. Here, we re-analyzed the RNA sequencing data of 25 types of human tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas Data Portal, and confirmed that PKM2 was the major isoform in the tumors and was highly elevated in addition to the entire PKM gene. We further demonstrated that the expression level of PKM1 significantly declined even though there was substantially increased expression of the entire PKM gene. The proportion of PKM1 in total transcript variants also significantly declined in tumors but the proportion of PKM2 did not change accordingly. Therefore, we conclude that the isoform switch of PKM1 does indeed occur, but it switches to other isoforms rather than PKM2. Considering the change in the expression levels of PKM1, PKM2 and the entire PKM gene, we propose that the upregulation of PKM2 is primarily due to elevated transcriptional levels of the entire PKM gene, instead of the isoform switch.
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Project description:We profiled global gene expression for two separate lines of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and find that deletion of PKM2 and expression of PKM1 does not alter global gene expression profiles. We used microarrays to futher characterize the effects of PKM1 expression compared to PKM2 expression on global gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were used for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. Intensity files were RMA normalized using Affymetrix expression console.
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Project description:We profiled global gene expression for two separate lines of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and find that deletion of PKM2 and expression of PKM1 does not alter global gene expression profiles. We used microarrays to futher characterize the effects of PKM1 expression compared to PKM2 expression on global gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
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Project description:Pkm1 and Pkm2 kinases are expressed in differentiating skeletal myoblasts. Knockdown of Pkm1 or Pkm2, therefore, can affect myoblast differentiation, by two independent regulatory mechanisms involving histone phosphorylation and chromatin remodeling complexes. Pkm2 KD in C2C12 cells reduced the chromatin marks of phosphorylated H3-T6, H3-T11 and H3-T45 into several essential myogenic promoters, and consequently, prevented their expression. Also, the transcriptional analysis demonstrated that Pkm2 is required for the expression of the cBAF-specific subunits Dpf2 and Baf250a, which we have previously demonstrated are essential for myogenesis. In contrast, Pkm1 KD alters the localization of nuclear Dpf2 into the cytoplasm as well. Mechanistically, Pkm KD resulted in decreased binding of cBAF components to their myogenic target genes, which also suggested a positive regulation between the cBaf complex and the H3 phosphorylation marks.
2024-05-01 | GSE252751 | GEO
Project description:Alternative splicing of the Pkm gene product generates the PKM1 and PKM2 isoforms of pyruvate kinase, and PKM2 expression is closely linked to embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer. To interrogate the functional requirement for PKM2 during development and tissue homeostasis, we generated germline PKM2 null mice (Pkm2-/-). Unexpectedly, despite being the primary isoform expressed in most wild-type adult tissues, we found that Pkm2-/- mice are viable and fertile. Thus, PKM2 is not required for embryonic or postnatal development. Loss of PKM2 leads to compensatory expression of PKM1 in the tissues that normally express PKM2. Strikingly, PKM2 loss leads to spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high penetrance that is accompanied by progressive changes in systemic metabolism characterized by altered systemic glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, in addition to its role in cancer metabolism, PKM2 plays a role in controlling systemic metabolic homeostasis and inflammation, thereby preventing HCC by a non-cell-autonomous mechanism.
2016-03-25 | GSE79535 | GEO
Project description:Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate during glycolysis. The PK isoform PKM2 has additional roles in regulation of gene transcription and protein phosphorylation. PKM2 controls macrophage metabolic remodeling in inflammation, but its role in T cell biology is poorly understood. These results show that TEPP-46, an activator of PKM2, reduces CD4+ T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production by inhibiting essential signaling pathways and preventing glycolysis.
2019-11-26 | GSE139378 | GEO
Project description:Cancer cells reprogram their glucose metabolic pathway from oxidative phosphorylation toward aerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate, is considered the rate-limiting enzyme involved in cancer glucose metabolism. By reducing PKM2 enzyme activity, cancer cells attain a greater fraction of glycolytic metabolites for macromolecule synthesis needed for rapid proliferation. Here we demonstrate that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) destabilizes PKM2 tetramer into dimer/monomer, leading to reduced PKM2 enzyme activity and an increase in the activation of nuclear transcriptional genes mediated by dimeric PKM2. Proteomic profiling of endogenous PKM2 reveals the occurrence of sulfhydration at multiple cysteine residues, notably cysteine 326. Blocking PKM2 sulfhydration at cysteine 326 through amino acid mutation stabilizes PKM2 tetramer and crystal structure further indicating that the tetramer organization of PKM2C326S is different from the currently known T or R states, revealing PKM2C326S as a newly identified intermediate form. The presence of a PKM2C326S mutant in cancer cells effectively rewires glucose metabolism to mitochondrial respiration, resulting in the significant inhibition of tumor growth. Collectively, PKM2 sulfhydration by H2S serves as a glucose metabolic rewiring mechanism in promoting tumorigenesis, and inhibition of PKM2 sulfhydration may be applied as a new therapeutic approach targeting cancer metabolism.
2024-07-09 | PXD044925 | Pride
Project description:Affinity based proteomic profiling is widely used for identification of proteins involved in for-mation of various interactomes. Pyruvate kinase (PK), a classical glycolytic enzyme catalyzing the last step of glycolysis, exists in four isoforms, one of which, PKM2; pyruvate kinase muscle isoform M2 (expressed in actively dividing cells), exhibits many non-canonical (moonlighting) functions. Although the other muscle isoform, PKM1, predominantly expressed in adult differ-entiated tissues, lacks the moonlighting functions, certain evidence exists that it can also perform some non-canonical functions. In order to evaluate the proteomic profile of mouse brain pro-teins bound to PKM1, we have combined in this study affinity-based separation of mouse brain proteins followed by their mass spectrometry identification. Using the highly purified rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase, PKM1 and a 32-mer peptide (PK peptide), sharing high sequence ho-mology with the interface contact region of all PK isoforms, common proteins bound to both af-finity ligands have been recognized. Quantitative affinity binding to the affinity ligands of se-lected identified proteins was validated using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. Bi-oinformatic analysis has shown that the identified proteins, bound to both full length PKM1 and the PK-peptide, form a protein network (interactome). Some of these interactions are relevant for noncanonical (moonlighting) functions of PKM1
2023-05-10 | PXD041321 | Pride