Genome-wide maps of DNA methylation state in rice embryo and endosperm
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Oryza sativa
PROVIDER: GSE57706 | GEO | 2015/09/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA247779
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:We report the application of methylacytosine immunoprecipetation combined with Illumina sequencing (MeDIP-seq) for high-throughput profiling of DNA methylation in rice embryo 3, 6, 9 DAP and endosperm 2, 3, 6, 9 DAP. A total number of 12-14 million of 2×49 bp paired-end reads was generated for each sample, and BOWTIE2 was used for read mapping. We generated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of rice embryo and endosperm. This study provides a framework to systemically characterize the effect of DNA methylation in developing seeds and will help to illustrate the epigenetic regulation of rice seed development. Rice embryo and endosperm were selected for DNA extraction and methylacytosine immunoprecipetation combined with Illumina sequencing. We sought to obtain the genome-wide DNA methylation profilings of embryo at 3,6,9 days after pollination(DAP) and endosperm at 2,3,6,9 DAP. To that end, we hand-selected embryo at 3,6,9 DAP and endosperm at 2,3,6,9 DAP according to morphological criteria.
2015-09-01 | E-GEOD-57706 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epigenetic modification plays important roles in plant and animal development. DNA methylation can impact the transposable element (TE) silencing, gene imprinting and regulate gene expression.Through a genome-wide analysis, DNA methylation peaks were respectively characterized and mapped in maize embryo and endosperm genome. Distinct methylation level across maize embryo and endosperm was observed. The maize embryo genome contained more DNA methylation peaks than endosperm. However, the endosperm chloroplast genome contained more DNA methylation peaks to compare with the embryo chloroplast genome. DNA methylation regions were characterized and mapped in genome. More CG island (CGI) shore are methylated than CGI in maize suggested that DNA methylation level is not positively correlated with CpG density. The DNA methylation occurred more frequently in the promoter sequence and transcriptional termination region (TTR) than other regions of the genes. The result showed that 99% TEs we characterized are methylated in maize embryo, but some (34.8%) of them are not methylated in endosperm. Maize embryo and endosperm exhibit distinct pattern/level of methylation. The most differentially methylated two regions between embryo and endosperm are High CpG content promoters (HCPs) and high CpG content TTRs (HCTTRs). DNA methylation peaks distinction of mitochondria and chloroplast DNA were less than the nucleus DNA. Our results indicated that DNA methylation is associated with the gene silencing or gene activation in maize endosperm and embryo. Many genes involved in embryogenesis and seed development were found differentially methylated in embryo and endosperm. We found 17 endosperm-specific expressed imprinting genes were hypomethylated in endosperm and were hypermethylated in embryo. The expression of a maize DEMETER -like (DME-like) gene and MBD101 gene (MBD4 homolog) which direct bulk genome DNA demethylation were higher in endosperm than in embryo. These two genes may be associated with the distinct methylation level across maize embryo and endosperm.The methylomes of maize embryo and endosperm was obtained by MeDIP-seq method. The global mapping of maize embryo and endosperm methylation in this study broadened our knowledge of DNA methylation patterns in maize genome, and provided useful information for future studies on maize seed development and regulation of metabolic pathways in different seed tissues.
2014-06-17 | GSE58549 | GEO
Project description:Epigenetic modification plays important roles in plant and animal development. DNA methylation can impact the transposable element (TE) silencing, gene imprinting and regulate gene expression.Through a genome-wide analysis, DNA methylation peaks were respectively characterized and mapped in maize embryo and endosperm genome. Distinct methylation level across maize embryo and endosperm was observed. The maize embryo genome contained more DNA methylation peaks than endosperm. However, the endosperm chloroplast genome contained more DNA methylation peaks to compare with the embryo chloroplast genome. DNA methylation regions were characterized and mapped in genome. More CG island (CGI) shore are methylated than CGI in maize suggested that DNA methylation level is not positively correlated with CpG density. The DNA methylation occurred more frequently in the promoter sequence and transcriptional termination region (TTR) than other regions of the genes. The result showed that 99% TEs we characterized are methylated in maize embryo, but some (34.8%) of them are not methylated in endosperm. Maize embryo and endosperm exhibit distinct pattern/level of methylation. The most differentially methylated two regions between embryo and endosperm are High CpG content promoters (HCPs) and high CpG content TTRs (HCTTRs). DNA methylation peaks distinction of mitochondria and chloroplast DNA were less than the nucleus DNA. Our results indicated that DNA methylation is associated with the gene silencing or gene activation in maize endosperm and embryo. Many genes involved in embryogenesis and seed development were found differentially methylated in embryo and endosperm. We found 17 endosperm-specific expressed imprinting genes were hypomethylated in endosperm and were hypermethylated in embryo. The expression of a maize DEMETER -like (DME-like) gene and MBD101 gene (MBD4 homolog) which direct bulk genome DNA demethylation were higher in endosperm than in embryo. These two genes may be associated with the distinct methylation level across maize embryo and endosperm.The methylomes of maize embryo and endosperm was obtained by MeDIP-seq method. The global mapping of maize embryo and endosperm methylation in this study broadened our knowledge of DNA methylation patterns in maize genome, and provided useful information for future studies on maize seed development and regulation of metabolic pathways in different seed tissues. Examination of DNA methylated modifications in 2 maize tissues.
2014-06-17 | E-GEOD-58549 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying cellularization and identified distinct classes of regulated genes during this process. Rice endosperm at 2 days after pollination(DAP) was selected for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We sought to obtain the endosperm expression profile at 2 DAP. To that end, we hand-selected endosperm according to morphological criteria at 2 DAP before cellularization.
2015-09-01 | E-GEOD-57615 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cytosine methylation silences transposable elements in plants, vertebrates and fungi, but also regulates gene expression1. Plant methylation is catalyzed by three families of enzymes, each with a preferred sequence context: CG, CHG (H = A, C or T) and CHH, with CHH methylation targeted by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway2. Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm, a placenta-like tissue that nourishes the embryo, is globally hypomethylated in the CG context while retaining high non-CG methylation3. Global methylation dynamics in seeds of cereal crops that provide the bulk of human nutrition remain unknown. Here we show that rice endosperm DNA is hypomethylated in all sequence contexts. Non-CG methylation is reduced evenly across the genome, while CG hypomethylation is localized. CHH methylation of small transposable elements is increased in embryos, suggesting that endosperm demethylation enhances transposon silencing. Genes preferentially expressed in endosperm, including those coding for major storage proteins and starch synthesizing enzymes, are frequently hypomethylated in endosperm, indicating that DNA methylation is a crucial regulator of rice endosperm biogenesis. Our data demonstrate that genome-wide reshaping of seed DNA methylation is conserved among angiosperms and has a profound effect on gene expression in cereal crops. Keywords: Epigenetics Examination of DNA methylation in rice
2010-11-01 | E-GEOD-22591 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cytosine methylation silences transposable elements in plants, vertebrates and fungi, but also regulates gene expression1. Plant methylation is catalyzed by three families of enzymes, each with a preferred sequence context: CG, CHG (H = A, C or T) and CHH, with CHH methylation targeted by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway2. Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm, a placenta-like tissue that nourishes the embryo, is globally hypomethylated in the CG context while retaining high non-CG methylation3. Global methylation dynamics in seeds of cereal crops that provide the bulk of human nutrition remain unknown. Here we show that rice endosperm DNA is hypomethylated in all sequence contexts. Non-CG methylation is reduced evenly across the genome, while CG hypomethylation is localized. CHH methylation of small transposable elements is increased in embryos, suggesting that endosperm demethylation enhances transposon silencing. Genes preferentially expressed in endosperm, including those coding for major storage proteins and starch synthesizing enzymes, are frequently hypomethylated in endosperm, indicating that DNA methylation is a crucial regulator of rice endosperm biogenesis. Our data demonstrate that genome-wide reshaping of seed DNA methylation is conserved among angiosperms and has a profound effect on gene expression in cereal crops. Keywords: Epigenetics
2010-11-01 | GSE22591 | GEO
Project description:Repression of transposable elements (TEs) by DNA methylation is necessary for host plants to maintain genome integrity and prevent from harmful mutations. However, under certain circumstances, TEs are thought to escape from the host defense system and therefore activate their transcription. In A. thaliana and O. sativa, DNA demethylase targets to the sequence derived from TEs in the central cell, a progenitor cell of endosperm in the female gametophyte. This genome-wide DNA demethylation is also observed in the endosperm after fertilization. In this study, we survey transcripts generated from TEs during the rice endosperm development and some points of the embryo as a control using custom-made microarray. We found that TE transcripts are largely different in the embryo and endosperm. The expression patterns of TEs are dynamically up- and down-regulated during the endosperm development, especially for miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs).
2022-04-01 | GSE185870 | GEO
Project description:Here we report genome-wide high resolution allele-specific maps of DNA methylation and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in maize endosperm. To investigate the allele-specific DNA methylation pattern of maize endosperm on a genome-wide scale, we performed MethylC-seq for shoot, embryo, and endosperm tissue 12 d after pollination (DAP) of inbred B73, and the endosperm tissue 12 DAP of reciprocal crosses B73 Ã Mo17 (BM) and Mo17 Ã B73 (MB). We also performed additional RNA-seq for samples from 12-DAP and 10-DAP endosperm of both reciprocal crosses between inbreds B73 and Mo17
2013-10-17 | E-MTAB-4206 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Parent-of-origin-specific (imprinted) gene expression is regulated in Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm by cytosine demethylation of the maternal genome mediated by the DNA glycosylase DEMETER, but the extent of the methylation changes is not known. Here we show that virtually the entire endosperm genome is demethylated, coupled with extensive local non-CG hypermethylation of siRNA-targeted sequences. Mutation of DEMETER partially restores endosperm CG methylation to levels found in other tissues, indicating that CG demethylation is specific to maternal sequences. Endosperm demethylation is accompanied by CHH hypermethylation of embryo transposable elements. Our findings demonstrate extensive reconfiguration of the endosperm methylation landscape that likely reinforces transposon silencing in the embryo. Keywords: Epigenetics; bisulfite sequencing
2009-06-16 | GSE15922 | GEO
Project description:Parent-of-origin-specific (imprinted) gene expression is regulated in Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm by cytosine demethylation of the maternal genome mediated by the DNA glycosylase DEMETER, but the extent of the methylation changes is not known. Here we show that virtually the entire endosperm genome is demethylated, coupled with extensive local non-CG hypermethylation of siRNA-targeted sequences. Mutation of DEMETER partially restores endosperm CG methylation to levels found in other tissues, indicating that CG demethylation is specific to maternal sequences. Endosperm demethylation is accompanied by CHH hypermethylation of embryo transposable elements. Our findings demonstrate extensive reconfiguration of the endosperm methylation landscape that likely reinforces transposon silencing in the embryo. Keywords: Epigenetics; bisulfite sequencing Examination of DNA methylation in four Arabidopsis tissues Description of processed data and raw data file contents can be found in the attached README.txt file
2009-06-16 | E-GEOD-15922 | biostudies-arrayexpress