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Distinct EMT programs control normal stem cells and cancer stem cells of mammary tissue

ABSTRACT: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to be responsible for metastatic dissemination and clinical relapse in a variety of cancers. Analogies between CSCs and normal tissue stem cells (SC) has led to the notion that CSCs often co-opt the normal SC program of their tissue-of-origin. The cell-biological program termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been found to encourage entrance of normal and neoplastic mammary cells into the corresponding SC states. Using genetically engineered knock-in reporter mouse lines, we demonstrate that in the murine mammary lineage, the paralogous EMT-inducing transcription factors Snail and Slug, are selectively exploited by CSCs and normal SCs respectively. Slug, when expressed at physiological levels, only activates a partial EMT program and is dispensable in CSCs. In contrast, Snail drives a far more complete transition into the mesenchymal state and controls both tumor-initiation and metastatic dissemination. Consistent with their functional distinctions, Snail controls far more target genes than Slug, and their distinct functions are determined by their divergent N-terminal domains. Our findings underscore fundamental distinctions between the SC program operating in normal and neoplastic SCs, and hint for potential avenues of selective therapeutic elimination of breast CSCs.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE61198 | GEO | 2015/09/02

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA260499

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Distinct EMT programs control normal stem cells and cancer stem cells of mammary tissue

Project description:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to be responsible for metastatic dissemination and clinical relapse in a variety of cancers. Analogies between CSCs and normal tissue stem cells (SC) has led to the notion that CSCs often co-opt the normal SC program of their tissue-of-origin. The cell-biological program termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been found to encourage entrance of normal and neoplastic mammary cells into the corresponding SC states. Using genetically engineered knock-in reporter mouse lines, we demonstrate that in the murine mammary lineage, the paralogous EMT-inducing transcription factors Snail and Slug, are selectively exploited by CSCs and normal SCs respectively. Slug, when expressed at physiological levels, only activates a partial EMT program and is dispensable in CSCs. In contrast, Snail drives a far more complete transition into the mesenchymal state and controls both tumor-initiation and metastatic dissemination. Consistent with their functional distinctions, Snail controls far more target genes than Slug, and their distinct functions are determined by their divergent N-terminal domains. Our findings underscore fundamental distinctions between the SC program operating in normal and neoplastic SCs, and hint for potential avenues of selective therapeutic elimination of breast CSCs. We sought to understand differential ability to activate the EMT program in breast cancer cells by transcription factors Snail and Slug. Hence, we mapped genome-wide Snail and Slug binding sites in murine MMTV-PyMT breast cancer cell lines that express high level of Snail or high level of Slug respectively. Specifically, we performed Snail ChIP seq in the mesenchymal pBl.3G cells, and Slug ChIP-seq in the epithelial pBl.1G cells.

2015-09-02 | E-GEOD-61198 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data of mammary epithelial cells during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Project description:The EMT program allows epithelial cells to become endowed with motility, invasiveness and stem cell traits. We investigated difference in signaling networks that are differentially utilized in EMTed and non-EMTed cells, thereby identifying therapeutic targets that are unique to EMT/cancer stem cells. We expressed the EMT transcription factors, Twist, Snail and Slug in HMLE human mammary epithelial cells, and compared their gene expression with parental cells. We identified kinases that are more differentially regulated between the epithelial and mesenchymal cell state.

2013-09-09 | E-GEOD-43495 | biostudies-arrayexpress

miR-146 connects stem cell identity with metabolism and pharmacological resistance in breast cancer

Project description:Although ectopic overexpression of miRNAs can influence mammary normal and cancer stem cells (SCs/CSCs), their physiological relevance remains uncertain. Here, we found that the miR-146 family is linked to SC identity, since: i) their expression is very high in SCs/CSCs from human/mouse primary mammary tissues; correlates with the basal-like breast cancer subtype, which typically has a high CSC content; and specifically distinguishes cells with SC/CSC identity; ii) miR-146 depletion reduces SC/CSC self-renewal in vitro and the number of tumor-initiating cells in vivo. Analysis of the transcriptional effects of miR-146 in breast SC-like cells revealed a complex network of highly connected miR-146 targets related to quiescence, transcription and metabolic pathways (one-carbon pool, purine synthesis and folate metabolism). As predicted by our analysis, SCs/CSCs display innate resistance to anti-folate therapy that can be reversed by miR-146 depletion, unmasking a “hidden vulnerability” that could be exploited for the development of anti-CSC therapies.

2020-01-21 | GSE131876 | GEO

The transcription Factor Slug represses p16Ink4a and regulates murine muscle stem cell aging

Project description:Sustainable muscle regeneration necessitates proper maintenance of the quiescence-reversible SCs pool. Activation of p16Ink4a-associated senescence pathway during aging breaks muscle homeostasis and causes degenerative muscle disease by irreversibly dampening satellite cell (SC) self-renewal capacity. We performed microarrays analysis to compare the genome-wide gene expression profiles of wild-type and Slug-deficient SCs and identified distinct classes of up-regulated genes upon deletion of Slug gene.

2019-03-20 | GSE128507 | GEO

Title: Non-canonical functions of SNAIL drive context-specific progression

Project description:SNAIL is a key transcriptional regulator in embryonic development and cancer. Its effects in physiology and disease are believed to be linked to its role as a master regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we report EMT-independent oncogenic SNAIL functions in cancer. Using genetic models, we systematically interrogated SNAIL effects in various oncogenic backgrounds and tissue types. SNAIL related phenotypes displayed remarkable tissue- and genetic context-dependencies, ranging from protective effects as observed in KRAS- or WNT-driven intestinal cancers, to dramatic acceleration of tumorigenesis, as shown in KRAS-induced pancreatic cancer. Unexpectedly, SNAIL-driven oncogenesis was not associated with E-cadherin downregulation or induction of an overt EMT program. Instead, we show that SNAIL induces bypass of senescence and cell cycle progression through p16INK4A-independent inactivation of the Retinoblastoma (RB)-restriction checkpoint. Collectively, our work identifies novel non-canonical EMT-independent functions of SNAIL and unravel its complex context-dependent role in cancer.

2022-12-13 | PXD038726 | Pride

Comparison of human skin- and nerve-derived Schwann cells reveals many similarities and subtle genomic and functional differences

Project description:Skin is an easily accessible tissue and a rich source of Schwann cells (SCs). Toward potential clinical application of autologous SC therapies, we aim to improve the reliability and specificity of our protocol to obtain SCs from small skin samples. As well, to explore potential functional distinctions between skin-derived SCs (Sk-SCs) and nerve-derived SCs (N-SCs), we used single-cell RNA-sequencing and a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Our results showed that Sk-SCs expressed typical SC markers. Single-cell sequencing of Sk- and N-SCs revealed an overwhelming overlap in gene expression with the exception of HLA genes which were preferentially up-regulated in Sk-SCs. In vitro, both cell types exhibited similar levels of proliferation, migration, uptake of myelin debris and readily associated with neurites when co-cultured with human iPSC-induced motor neurons. Both exhibited ensheathment of multiple neurites and early phase of myelination, especially in N-SCs. Interestingly, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurite outgrowth assay showed substantially more complexed neurite outgrowth in DRGs exposed to Sk-SC conditioned media compared to those from N-SCs. Multiplex ELISA array revealed shared growth factor profiles, but Sk-SCs expressed a higher level of VEGF. Transplantation of Sk- and N-SCs into injured peripheral nerve in nude rats and NOD-SCID mice showed close association of both SCs to regenerating axons. Myelination of rodent axons was observed infrequently by N-SCs, but absent in Sk-SC xenografts. Overall, our results showed that Sk-SCs share near-identical properties to N-SCs but with subtle differences that could potentially enhance their therapeutic utility.

2022-07-07 | GSE125422 | GEO

MicroRNA response to Snail overexpression in lung cancer cell lines

Project description:Analysis of four lung cancer cell lines transfected with a vector expressing the transcriptional repressor Snail versus a vector control. Aberrant Snail expression is known to induce an EMT program in lung cancers.

2013-07-17 | GSE48922 | GEO

Human intestinal stromal cells promote homeostasis in normal mucosa but inflammation in Crohn's disease in a retinoic acid-deficient manner

Project description:Stromal cell (SC) contributions to intestinal inflammation are inadequately understood. Here we show that CD90+vimentin+SMA- SCs isolated from Crohn’s disease intestine (Crohn’s SCs) displayed higher levels of spontaneously released and microbiota-induced inflammatory mediators, including IL-6 and TGF-b, and surface adhesion molecules, than SCs isolated from healthy intestine (Normal SCs). Comparative transcriptome analysis confirmed the predominance of upregulated inflammatory response and cytokine signaling genes and pathway molecules in Crohn’s SCs. Importantly, intestinal SCs provided retinoic acid (RA), which regulated DC maturation, and in an in vitro cross-talk system E. coli LF82-stimulated Crohn’s SCs promoted differentiation of more inflammatory TNFhi/IL-12lo/RAlo DCs and IFN-ghi/IL-17hi effector T cells than Normal SCs. Explaining this finding, Crohn’s SCs synthesized less RA and expressed more retinaldehyde reductase DHRS3, which inhibits retinol conversion to retinal, than Normal SCs. Our findings uncover microbe-SC crosstalk in which mucosal SCs initiate and perpetuate DC-driven T-cell-mediated inflammation in Crohn’s disease.

2024-07-21 | GSE178994 | GEO

PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Sonic hedgehog pathways cooperate together to inhibit human pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics and tumor growth

Project description:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play major roles in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. It is evident from growing reports that PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway are aberrantly reactivated in pancreatic CSCs. Here, we examined the efficacy of combining NVP-LDE-225 (PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) and NVP-BEZ-235 (Smoothened inhibitor) on pancreatic CSCs characteristics, microRNA regulatory network, and tumor growth. NVP-LDE-225 cooperated with NVP-BEZ-235 in inhibiting pancreatic CSC’s characteristics and tumor growth in NOD/SCID IL2R null mice by acting at the level of Gli. Combination of NVP-LDE-225 and NVP-BEZ-235 inhibited self-renewal capacity of CSCs by suppressing the expression of pluripotency maintaining factors Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2 and cMyc. NVP-LDE-225 cooperated with NVP-BEZ-235 to inhibit Lin28/Let7a/Kras axis in pancreatic CSCs. Furthermore, synergistic interaction of these drugs was observed on spheroid formation by pancreatic CSCs isolated from Pankras/p53 mice. The combination of these drugs also showed synergistic effects on the expression of proteins involved in cell survival and apoptosis. In addition, synergistic effects of these drugs were observed on inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through modulation of cadherin, vimentin and transcription factors Snail, Slug and Zeb1. In conclusion, these data suggest that the combined inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Shh pathways may be an effective strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

2017-06-19 | GSE70087 | GEO

RNA Sequencing Reveals the Snail-Regulated Transcriptome in Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Project description:The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical biological process in normal development and tumor progression. One of the EMT regulator, Snail is shown to suppress or activate its downstream genes to sustain migratory capacities while remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Identification of the Snail-regulated transcriptome through a robust sequencing technique will give a global direction for targeting Snail-driven malignancy.

2017-01-04 | GSE65131 | GEO

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