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Two distinct promoter architectures centered on dynamic nucleosomes control ribosomal protein gene transcription

ABSTRACT: In yeast, ribosome production is controlled transcriptionally by tight coregulation of the 138 ribosomal protein genes (RPGs). RPG promoters display limited sequence homology, and the molecular basis for their coregulation remains largely unknown. Here we identify two prevalent RPG promoter types, both characterized by upstream binding of the general transcription factor (TF) Rap1 followed by the RPG-specific Fhl1/Ifh1 pair, with one type also binding the HMG-B protein Hmo1. We show that the regulatory properties of the two promoter types are remarkably similar, suggesting that they are determined to a large extent by Rap1 and the Fhl1/Ifh1 pair. Rapid depletion experiments allowed us to define a hierarchy of TF binding in which Rap1 acts as a pioneer factor required for binding of all other TFs. We also uncovered unexpected features underlying recruitment of Fhl1, whose forkhead DNA-binding domain is not required for binding at most promoters, and Hmo1, whose binding is supported by repeated motifs. Finally, we describe unusually micrococcal nuclease (MNase)-sensitive nucleosomes at all RPG promoters, located between the canonical +1 and –1 nucleosomes, which coincide with sites of Fhl1/Ifh1 and Hmo1 binding. We speculate that these ‘‘fragile’’ nucleosomes play an important role in regulating RPG transcriptional output.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE61596 | GEO | 2014/10/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA261651

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Two distinct promoter architectures centered on dynamic nucleosomes control ribosomal protein gene transcription

Project description:In yeast, ribosome production is controlled transcriptionally by tight coregulation of the 138 ribosomal protein genes (RPGs). RPG promoters display limited sequence homology, and the molecular basis for their coregulation remains largely unknown. Here we identify two prevalent RPG promoter types, both characterized by upstream binding of the general transcription factor (TF) Rap1 followed by the RPG-specific Fhl1/Ifh1 pair, with one type also binding the HMG-B protein Hmo1. We show that the regulatory properties of the two promoter types are remarkably similar, suggesting that they are determined to a large extent by Rap1 and the Fhl1/Ifh1 pair. Rapid depletion experiments allowed us to define a hierarchy of TF binding in which Rap1 acts as a pioneer factor required for binding of all other TFs. We also uncovered unexpected features underlying recruitment of Fhl1, whose forkhead DNA-binding domain is not required for binding at most promoters, and Hmo1, whose binding is supported by repeated motifs. Finally, we describe unusually micrococcal nuclease (MNase)-sensitive nucleosomes at all RPG promoters, located between the canonical +1 and M-bM-^@M-^S1 nucleosomes, which coincide with sites of Fhl1/Ifh1 and Hmo1 binding. We speculate that these M-bM-^@M-^XM-bM-^@M-^XfragileM-bM-^@M-^YM-bM-^@M-^Y nucleosomes play an important role in regulating RPG transcriptional output. Genome-wide examination of binding sites for transcription factors controlling ribosomal protein genes expression and nucleosome positions in budding yeast cells

2014-10-01 | E-GEOD-61596 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Mechanisms Coordinating Ribosomal Protein Gene Transcription in Response to Stress

Project description:In this study, we elucidate the common logic of the RPGs regulatory network by evaluating both the architecture and activity of promoters under conditions of stress or modulation of TF levels, and we identified the proteins regulating the activity of promoters lacking Rap1 binding, thus demonstrating that RPG co-regulation requires the complementary action of two different mechanisms involving both Ifh1 and Sfp1.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Project description:Genome-wide binding of Fhl1 and Ifh1 +/- Rapamycin

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Fhl1 and lfh1 ChIP-chip

Project description:Fhl1-9myc ChIP-chip, YPD, OD600=0.8, 2 arrays with duplicate spotting of yeast intergenic regions. AND Ifh1-9myc ChIP-chip, cells grown in YPD, OD600=0.8, 2 arrays with duplicate spotting of yeast intergenic regions. Keywords = Fhl1 Keywords: other

2004-11-09 | GSE1930 | GEO

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Project description:Effect of hmo1 on yeast transcriptional response, as compared to Ifh1

2007-09-17 | E-MEXP-651 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Fhl1 and lfh1 ChIP-chip

2010-06-05 | E-GEOD-1930 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Project description:Affy data from WT, FHL1 deleted and FHL1,IFH1 double deleted strains.

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Affy data from WT, FHL1 deleted and FHL1,IFH1 double deleted strains.

Project description:Affymetrix experiment performed on RNA isolated from Wild type, FHL1 deleted and FHL1,IFH1 double deleted strains. Data aquired in duplicate. In S. cerevisiae the mRNAs from the 138 ribosomal protein (RP) genes are amongst the most abundant in the cell, and their transcription is regulated tightly so that they are the most prominent cluster in most transcriptome experiments. It has recently been observed that the proteins Fhl1p and Ifh1p are found almost exclusively at RP genes (Lee et al., Science, 298, 799-804, 2002;Jorgensen et al., Genes Dev, 18, 2491-2505 2004; Schawalder et al Nature in press; Rudra et al , EMBO J. submitted), and data suggests they are the true transcription factors. This experiment utilizes Affymetrix arrays to measure the level of all mRNAs in cells with a deletion of FHL1 or of both FHL1 and IFH1, compared to the wild type strain, W303. Such mutant cells are viable but grow very slowly (Hermann-Le Denmat S. et al., Mol Cell Biol, 14, 2905-2913, 1994; Cherel and Thuriaux, Yeast, 11, 261-270, 1995). Total RNA was made from log phase cells, amplified according to conventional methods, and hybridized to the array. (Since the total RNA/cell of the mutants is only a fifth of the wt, each mutant required five times the number of cells to provide the same amount of RNA.) The experiment was carried out in duplicate and the six tables provide the raw data from the wt, W303, delFHL1, and delFHL1, delIFH1 strains. Although we expected that the RP genes would be substantially reduced in these mutant cells, they are only slightly less abundant than normal in comparison to all other mRNAs! The interesting result is that the cells respond to a severe deficiency of ribosomes by reducing the level of nearly all mRNAs to match the capacity of the translational apparatus. Keywords = Ribosome Keywords = FHL1 Keywords = IFH1. Keywords: parallel sample

2004-12-22 | GSE2096 | GEO

Transcription profiling of S. cerevisiae FHL1 and IFH1 mutants

Project description:Affymetrix experiment performed on RNA isolated from Wild type, FHL1 deleted and FHL1,IFH1 double deleted strains. Data aquired in duplicate.,In S. cerevisiae the mRNAs from the 138 ribosomal protein (RP) genes are amongst the most abundant in the cell, and their transcription is regulated tightly so that they are the most prominent cluster in most transcriptome experiments. It has recently been observed that the proteins Fhl1p and Ifh1p are found almost exclusively at RP genes (Lee et al., Science, 298, 799-804, 2002;Jorgensen et al., Genes Dev, 18, 2491-2505 2004; Schawalder et al Nature in press; Rudra et al , EMBO J. submitted), and data suggests they are the true transcription factors.,This experiment utilizes Affymetrix arrays to measure the level of all mRNAs in cells with a deletion of FHL1 or of both FHL1 and IFH1, compared to the wild type strain, W303. Such mutant cells are viable but grow very slowly (Hermann-Le Denmat S. et al., Mol Cell Biol, 14, 2905-2913, 1994; Cherel and Thuriaux, Yeast, 11, 261-270, 1995). Total RNA was made from log phase cells, amplified according to conventional methods, and hybridized to the array. (Since the total RNA/cell of the mutants is only a fifth of the wt, each mutant required five times the number of cells to provide the same amount of RNA.) The experiment was carried out in duplicate and the six tables provide the raw data from the wt, W303, delFHL1, and delFHL1, delIFH1 strains.,Although we expected that the RP genes would be substantially reduced in these mutant cells, they are only slightly less abundant than normal in comparison to all other mRNAs! The interesting result is that the cells respond to a severe deficiency of ribosomes by reducing the level of nearly all mRNAs to match the capacity of the translational apparatus.

2007-07-07 | E-GEOD-2096 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Identification of non-coding transcripts regulated by the transcription factor Rap1 by RNA-Seq analysis

Project description:Many active eukaryotic gene promoters exhibit divergent noncoding transcription, but the mechanisms restricting expression of these transcripts are not well understood. Here we demonstrate how a sequence-specific transcription factor represses divergent noncoding transcription at highly expressed genes in yeast. We find that depletion of the transcription factor Rap1 induces noncoding transcription in a large fraction of Rap1 regulated gene promoters. Specifically, Rap1 prevents transcription initiation at cryptic promoters near its binding sites, which is uncoupled from transcription regulation in the protein-coding direction. We further provide evidence that Rap1 acts independently of chromatin-based mechanisms to repress cryptic or divergent transcription. Finally, we show that divergent transcription in the absence of Rap1 is elicited by the RSC chromatin remodeller. We propose that a sequence-specific transcription factor limits access of basal transcription machinery to regulatory elements and adjacent sequences that act as divergent cryptic promoters, thereby providing directionality towards productive transcription.

2018-12-20 | GSE107813 | GEO

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