ADAR1 is required for differentiation and neural induction by regulating microRNA processing in a catalytically independent manner (iCLIP)
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE63709 | GEO | 2015/03/23
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA268844
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are involved in adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing and are implicated in development and diseases. Here we observed that ADAR1 deficiency in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) significantly affected hESC differentiation and neural induction with widespread changes in mRNA and miRNA expression, including upregulation of self-renewal-related miRNAs, such as miR302s. Global editing analyses revealed that ADAR1 editing activity contributes little to the altered miRNA/mRNA expression in ADAR1-deficient hESCs upon neural induction. Genome-wide iCLIP studies identified that ADAR1 binds directly to pri-miRNAs to interfere with miRNA processing by acting as an RNA-binding protein. Importantly, aberrant expression of miRNAs and phenotypes observed in ADAR1-depleted hESCs upon neural differentiation could be reversed by an enzymatically inactive ADAR1 mutant, but not by the RNA-binding-null ADAR1 mutant. These findings reveal that ADAR1, but not its editing activity, is critical for hESC differentiation and neural induction by regulating miRNA biogenesis via direct RNA interaction.
| S-EPMC4387555 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ADARs are the primary factors underlying A-to-I editing in metazoans. We conducted the first global study of ADAR1-RNA interaction in human cells using CLIP-Seq. In contrast to the expected predominant binding of ADAR1 to Alu repeats, thousands of CLIP sites were located in non-Alu regions. This unexpectedly frequent non-Alu binding enabled discovery of transcriptome-wide functional and biophysical targets of ADAR1 in the regulation of mRNA processing including alternative 3' UTR usage and alternative splicing. In addition, a global analysis of ADAR1 binding to non-Alu regions also revealed its primary interaction with microRNA (miRNA) transcripts in the nucleus, which subsequently affected expression levels of mature miRNAs. A complex global picture was revealed regarding the dependence of this function on the double-stranded RNA binding domains or deaminase activity. Our study unfolded a broad landscape of the diverse functional roles of ADAR1. To identify ADAR binding dependent miRNA defferential expression profiles, U87MG cells were transfected with ADAR1 overexpression vector, RNA binding mutant (EAA and E912A), siRNA of ADAR1 or controls.
2015-03-11 | E-GEOD-55362 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The RNA editing enzyme ADAR1, is essential for correct functioning of innate immune responses. The ADAR1p110 isoform is mainly nuclear and ADAR1p150, which is interferon inducible, is predominately cytoplasmic. Using three different approaches, co-IP with endogenous ADAR1, and Strep-tag co-IP and BioID with individual ADAR1 isoforms, a comprehensive interactome was generated during both homeostasis and the IFN response. Both known and novel interactors and editing regulators were identified. Nuclear proteins were detected as stable interactors with both ADAR1 isoforms. In contrast, BioID identified distinct protein networks for each ADAR1 isoform, with nuclear components observed with ADAR1p110 and components of cytoplasmic cellular condensates with ADAR1p150. RNase A digestion distinguished between distal and proximal interactors, as did a dsRNA-binding mutant of ADAR1 which demonstrated the importance of dsRNA binding for ADAR1 interactions. IFN treatment did not affect the core ADAR1 interactomes but resulted in novel interactions, the majority of which are proximal interactions retained after RNase A treatment. Short treatment with HMW poly(I:C) during the IFN response resulted in dsRNA-binding-dependent changes in the proximal protein network of ADAR1p110 and association of the ADAR1p150 proximal protein network with some components of antiviral stress granules.
2024-12-08 | PXD056080 | Pride
Project description:Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, a process critical for regulation of innate immune response and distinguishing between ‘self and non-self RNA’. It is expressed as two isoforms: nucleolar p110 and cytoplasmic, interferon (IFN)-inducible, p150. The interactome of the p110 under steady-state conditions is well-studied; however, less is known about the interactions of the p150 isoform, particularly during IFN response. To elucidate ADAR1's protein interactions during IFN stimulation, alongside steady-state conditions, three distinct methods of enrichment were used followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These included: immunoprecipitation (IP) of endogenous ADAR1, IP of Strep II-tagged ADAR1, and proximity labeling using BioID. Individual ADAR1 isoforms (p110 and p150) and their respective dsRNA binding-deficient mutants were created to discern isoform-specific and dsRNA-dependent interactions. Altogether, our results reveal a comprehensive ADAR1 interaction map, identifying both known and novel partners, and highlighting the isoform-specific and dsRNA-binding-dependent nature of ADAR1 interactions. Under IFN stimulation, ADAR1's interaction spectrum encompasses viral replication inhibitors and LINE-1 regulators. Mimicking viral infection with HMW poly(I:C) changed the proximal network of proteins for both isoforms. Our findings provide new insights into ADAR1's roles and its dynamic during IFN response.
2024-12-08 | PXD049991 | Pride
Project description:Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, a process critical for regulation of innate immune response and distinguishing between ‘self and non-self RNA’. It is expressed as two isoforms: nucleolar p110 and cytoplasmic, interferon (IFN)-inducible, p150. The interactome of the p110 under steady-state conditions is well-studied; however, less is known about the interactions of the p150 isoform, particularly during IFN response. To elucidate ADAR1's protein interactions during IFN stimulation, alongside steady-state conditions, three distinct methods of enrichment were used followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These included: immunoprecipitation (IP) of endogenous ADAR1, IP of Strep II-tagged ADAR1, and proximity labeling using BioID. Individual ADAR1 isoforms (p110 and p150) and their respective dsRNA binding-deficient mutants were created to discern isoform-specific and dsRNA-dependent interactions. Altogether, our results reveal a comprehensive ADAR1 interaction map, identifying both known and novel partners, and highlighting the isoform-specific and dsRNA-binding-dependent nature of ADAR1 interactions. Under IFN stimulation, ADAR1's interaction spectrum encompasses viral replication inhibitors and LINE-1 regulators. Mimicking viral infection with HMW poly(I:C) changed the proximal network of proteins for both isoforms. Our findings provide new insights into ADAR1's roles and its dynamic during IFN response.
2024-12-05 | PXD049689 | Pride
Project description:Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, a process critical for regulation of innate immune response and distinguishing between ‘self and non-self RNA’. It is expressed as two isoforms: nucleolar p110 and cytoplasmic, interferon (IFN)-inducible, p150. The interactome of the p110 under steady-state conditions is well-studied; however, less is known about the interactions of the p150 isoform, particularly during IFN response. To elucidate ADAR1's protein interactions during IFN stimulation, alongside steady-state conditions, three distinct methods of enrichment were used followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These included: immunoprecipitation (IP) of endogenous ADAR1, IP of Strep II-tagged ADAR1, and proximity labeling using BioID. Individual ADAR1 isoforms (p110 and p150) and their respective dsRNA binding-deficient mutants were created to discern isoform-specific and dsRNA-dependent interactions. Altogether, our results reveal a comprehensive ADAR1 interaction map, identifying both known and novel partners, and highlighting the isoform-specific and dsRNA-binding-dependent nature of ADAR1 interactions. Under IFN stimulation, ADAR1's interaction spectrum encompasses viral replication inhibitors and LINE-1 regulators. Mimicking viral infection with HMW poly(I:C) changed the proximal network of proteins for both isoforms. Our findings provide new insights into ADAR1's roles and its dynamic during IFN response.
2024-12-05 | PXD049681 | Pride
Project description:Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA, a process critical for regulation of innate immune response and distinguishing between ‘self and non-self RNA’. It is expressed as two isoforms: nucleolar p110 and cytoplasmic, interferon (IFN)-inducible, p150. The interactome of the p110 under steady-state conditions is well-studied; however, less is known about the interactions of the p150 isoform, particularly during IFN response. To elucidate ADAR1's protein interactions during IFN stimulation, alongside steady-state conditions, three distinct methods of enrichment were used followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These included: immunoprecipitation (IP) of endogenous ADAR1, IP of Strep II-tagged ADAR1, and proximity labeling using BioID. Individual ADAR1 isoforms (p110 and p150) and their respective dsRNA binding-deficient mutants were created to discern isoform-specific and dsRNA-dependent interactions. Altogether, our results reveal a comprehensive ADAR1 interaction map, identifying both known and novel partners, and highlighting the isoform-specific and dsRNA-binding-dependent nature of ADAR1 interactions. Under IFN stimulation, ADAR1's interaction spectrum encompasses viral replication inhibitors and LINE-1 regulators. Mimicking viral infection with HMW poly(I:C) changed the proximal network of proteins for both isoforms. Our findings provide new insights into ADAR1's roles and its dynamic during IFN response.
2024-12-05 | PXD049684 | Pride
Project description:Cellular senescence plays a causal role in ageing and, in mouse, depletion of p16INK4a-expressing senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) RNA editing enzymes are also implicated as important regulators of human ageing and ADAR inactivation causes age-associated pathologies such as neurodegeneration in model organisms. However, the role, if any, of ADARs in cellular senescence is unknown. Here we show that ADAR1 is post-transcriptionally downregulated by autophagic degradation to promote senescence through upregulating p16INK4a. ADAR1 is downregulated during senescence post-transcriptionally by autophagy-lysosomal pathway and the downregulation is sufficient to drive senescence in both in vitro and in vivo models. Senescence induced by ADAR1 downregulation is p16INK4a dependent and independent of its RNA editing function. Mechanistically, ADAR1 promotes SIRT1 expression by affecting its RNA stability through HuR, an RNA binding protein that increases the half-life and steady state levels of its target mRNAs. And SIRT1, in turn, antagonizes translation of mRNA encoding p16INK4a. Hence, downregulation of ADAR1 and SIRT1 mediates p16INK4aupregulation by enhancing its mRNA translation. Finally, Adar1 is downregulated during ageing of mouse tissues such as brain, ovary, and intestine, and Adar1 expression correlates with Sirt1 expression in these tissues in mice. Together, our study reveals an RNA-editing independent role of ADAR1 in regulating senescence by post-transcriptionally controlling p16INK4a expression.
2022-04-25 | GSE179423 | GEO
Project description:The antiviral defense in vertebrates requires the innate immune system to sense foreign “non-self” nucleic acids while avoiding “self” nucleic acids, which is accomplished by an intricate system. Cellular double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are edited by the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 to prevent their dsRNA structure pattern from being recognized as viral dsRNA. Lack of RNA editing by ADAR1 enables activation of MDA5, a cytosolic dsRNA sensor, by cellular dsRNA. Additional RNA editing- independent functions of ADAR1 have been proposed, but the specific mechanism remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that RNA binding by ADAR1, independent of its editing activity, restricts the activation of PKR, another cytosolic dsRNA sensor, by cellular dsRNA. Mechanistically, the loss of ADAR1 editing caused MDA5 activation to induce interferon signaling, while a lack of ADAR1 protein or its dsRNA binding ability led to PKR activation, with subsequent stress granule formation and proliferation arrest. Based on these findings we rescued the Adar1−/− mice from embryonic lethality to adulthood by deleting both MDA5 and PKR, in contrast to the limited rescue of Adar1−/− mice by removing MDA5 or PKR alone. Our findings reveal a multifaceted contribution of ADAR1 in regulating the immunogenicity of “self” dsRNAs. Furthermore, ADAR1 is an immuno-oncology target for drug development, and the separation of ADAR1’s RNA editing and binding functions provides mechanistic insights for such developments.
2023-10-03 | GSE198386 | GEO
Project description:Aberrant RNA-editing was observed in several human tumors, but its significance is mostly unknown. Here we show that ADAR1, a ubiquitous RNA-editing enzyme, is commonly lost in metastatic melanoma cells and specimens. Experimental ADAR1 silencing significantly alters melanoma cell morphology, facilitates proliferation and cell-cycle, and increases the tumorigenicity in-vivo. A series of ADAR1 truncation mutants establishes a novel RNA-editing-independent role for ADAR1 in controlling the nuclear and cytoplasmic processing steps of miRNA biogenesis. Altered expression of ADAR1-controled miRNAs accounts for the observed phenotype. We show that the oncogenic miR-17-5p endogenously regulates ADAR1 expression and that its genomic sequence is frequently amplified in melanoma to overexpress the mature miR-17-5p form. ADAR1 and miR-17-5p are ubiquitously expressed, suggesting the generality of this mechanism. Melanoma cell line expressing low ADAR1 levels (ADAR1-Knockdown) using shRNA technique were selected for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We sought to examine the alterations in the genes and microRNA expression profile in the manipulated cell system, due to ADAR1 possible involvement cancer development. To that end, we selected ADAR1-knockdown (ADAR1-KD) cells that demonstrated an enhanced aggressive phenotype both in vivo and in vitro as compared to the control cells (Control).
2012-08-31 | E-GEOD-31963 | biostudies-arrayexpress