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Alterations to hormone regulated defense and stress response networks contribute to the greater growth of Arabidopsis F1 hybrids

ABSTRACT: Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, has been exploited in agriculture to deliver increases in crop yields for over a century, yet the molecular basis is not well understood We have studied the transcriptomes of 15 day old seedlings from intraspecific Arabidopsis hybrids with varying levels of heterosis and their parental lines in order to identify drivers of heterosis. The patterns of altered gene expression in the hybrids point to a reduction in basal defense levels that could reflect the antagonism between plant immunity and plant growth. Associated with this theme are changes to the salicylic acid and auxin regulated networks which are known to control abiotic and biotic defense responses as well as being important regulators of plant growth. Increased auxin response correlates with the heterotic phenotype of greater leaf cell numbers, whereas reduced salicylic acid levels and response promotes increased leaf cell size in hybrids involving C24. By manipulating salicylic acid levels in each of our hybrid systems, we can alter levels of heterosis, promote additional growth in the hybrids, and generate increased growth in the parents, especially C24.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE64475 | GEO | 2015/10/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA271089

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Hybrid plants and animals grow larger and more vigorously than the parents, a common phenomenon known as hybrid vigor or heterosis. Heterosis often correlates with the genetic distance between hybridizing parents, but the mechanism for this is largely unknown. We found that genetic distance was correlated with natural variation of stress responses under the control of the circadian clock. CIRCADIAN-CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and LATE-ELONGATED-HYPOCOTYL (LHY) or CCA1 alone mediate expression amplitudes and periods of these stress-responsive genes in stress and non-stress conditions. In Arabidopsis thaliana intraspecific hybrids, genome-wide expression of many biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes was diurnally repressed to promote biomass heterosis, which is associated with several biomass quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Expression differences in four selected stress-responsive genes among ten ecotypes could be used to predict heterosis in their hybrids. Parent plants with larger expression differences between stress-responsive genes produced higher-vigor hybrids, while those with smaller differences produced lower-vigor hybrids. Stress-responsive genes were epigenetically repressed in the hybrids under normal conditions but induced during times of stress at certain times of the day, balancing the tradeoff between stress responses and growth. Consistently, repressing the stress genes in diploids increased growth vigor. We demonstrate how hybrids manipulate diurnal stress-responsive gene expression to enhance growth vigor. Both circadian and epigenetic regulation play key roles in the altered expression of stress-responsive genes in hybrids. Our findings provide a conceptual advance and mechanistic understanding of heterosis, as well as selection criteria for parents to be effectively used for producing high-yield hybrids. Examination of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana F1 hybrids between Col and C24 and 3 time points using mRNA-seq

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Alterations to hormone regulated defense and stress response networks contribute to the greater growth of Arabidopsis F1 hybrids

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