Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury, Erythropoietin and Anakinra on Hepatic Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in an Experimental Rodent Model
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ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus
PROVIDER: GSE64886 | GEO | 2015/06/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA272445
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:This study analyzed the effect of RBM5 gene deletion in cortical brain tissue on differential gene expression/splicing changes 48h after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI was induced in WT vs. KO mice by controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. The four grouops included: (1) Sham-WT, (2) CCI-WT, (3) Sham-KO, and (4) CCI-KO. The objective of this study was to test if RBM5 KO decreased the expression of cell death mediators in the contused brain 48h post-injury.
2021-05-12 | GSE128543 | GEO
Project description:Objectives: The aim of this study was to reveal the transcriptomic profile of the cerebral cortex in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mice. Methods: A controlled cortical impact (CCI) device was used to establish a TBI model. The gene expression in the cerebral cortex was detected by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq).
2023-06-01 | GSE205958 | GEO
Project description:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates not only complex neurovascular and glial changes within the brain but also pathophysiological responses that extend beyond the central nervous system. The peripheral response to TBI has become an intensive area of research, as these systemic perturbations can induce dysfunction in multiple organ systems. As there are no approved therapeutics for TBI, it is imperative that we investigate the peripheral response to TBI to identify targets for future intervention. Of particular interest is the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Even in the absence of polytrauma, brain-injured individuals are at increased risk of suffering from GI-related morbidity and mortality. Symptoms such as intestinal dysmotility, inflammation, ulceration, and fecal incontinence can drastically diminish quality of life. The GI tract is inhabited by trillions of microbes that have been implicated as modulators of many neurological disorders. Clinical and preclinical studies implicate gut dysbiosis, a pathological imbalance in the normally symbiotic microbiota, as both a consequence of TBI as well as a contributing factor to brain damage. However, our understanding of this interplay is still limited. While relatively little is known about the effects of TBI on the structure and function of the GI tract, prior studies report that experimental TBI induces intestinal barrier dysfunction and morphological changes. To confirm these findings in the current model of TBI, male C57BL/6J mice underwent a sham control or a controlled cortical impact (CCI) procedure to induce a contusive brain injury, and intestinal permeability was assessed at 4 h, 8 h, 1 d, and 3 d post-injury. An acute, transient increase in permeability was observed at 4 h after CCI. Histological analyses of the ileum and colon at multiple time points from 4 h to 4 wks revealed no overt morphological changes, suggesting that CCI induced a short-lived physiologic dysfunction without major structural alterations to the GI tract. As the microbiome is a modulator of GI physiology, we performed 16s gene sequencing on fecal samples collected prior to and over the first month after CCI or sham injury. Microbial community diversity was assessed using common metrics of alpha and beta diversity. Alpha diversity was lower in the CCI injury group and beta diversity differed among groups, although these effects were not observed in all metrics. Subsequent differential abundance analysis revealed that the phylum Verrucamicrobiota was increased in CCI mice at 1, 2, and 3 d post-injury when compared to sham mice. Subsequent qPCR identified the Verrucamicrobiota species as Akkermansia Muciniphila, an obligate anaerobe that resides in and helps regulate the intestinal mucus layer and barrier. To determine whether TBI promotes changes to the GI tract favorable for the proliferation of A. muciniphila, mucus-producing goblet cells and the level of GI hypoxia were evaluated. Goblet cell density in the medial colon was significantly increased at 1 d, while colon hypoxia was significantly increased at 3 d. Taken together, these studies show that CCI induces transient intestinal barrier dysfunction followed by increased goblet cell density and hypoxia in the colon with a concomitant increase in A. muciniphila that may suggest a compensatory response to systemic stress after TBI.
2024-01-31 | GSE239472 | GEO
Project description:Background: Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) is a rare disease associated with dysregulated interleukin (IL)-1 activity. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist in SJIA and its effects on gene expression profiling. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of a one-month treatment with anakinra (2 mg/kg subcutaneoulsy daily, maximum 100 mg) to a placebo between 2 groups of 12 SJIA patients each. Response was defined by a 30% improvement of the pediatric American College of Rheumatology criteria for JIA, resolution of systemic symptoms and a decrease of at least 50% of both C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate compared to baseline. An intention-to-treat analyze was performed. After Month 1 (M1), patients taking placebo were switched to Anakinra. Secondary objectives included tolerance and efficacy assessment for 12 months. Results: At M1, concluding the randomized trial, there was a significant difference in the response rate between patients treated with Anakinra (8/12 responders) and placebo (1/12) (p=0.003). The number of adverse events, mainly pain to injections, was similar between both groups. Ten patients from the placebo group switched to Anakinra at M1; nine were responders at M2. Between M1 and M12, six patients stopped treatment for an adverse event (Crohn’s disease, hepatitis), a lack of efficacy or a disease flare (2 cases each). Blood gene expression profiling at enrollment and upon follow-up allowed us to identify one set of dysregulated genes that reverted to normal values in the clinical responders and a second set, including interferon-inducible genes, that was induced by Anakinra. Conclusion: Anakinra is an effective treatment of SJIA. Its effect is associated with normalization of blood gene expression profiles in clinical responders and de novo induction of an interferon signature. (Clinical trials registration number: NCT00339157)
2009-12-31 | GSE17590 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: Maintenance of cellular homeostasis and xenobiotics detoxification relies on the glucuronidation pathway mediated by 19 human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs) encoded by 10 highly homologous genes. Recent evidence suggests that alternative splicing largely expands the human UGT transcriptome. Results: we establish the quantitative portrait of the UGT transcriptome in major metabolic organs. RNA sequencing uncovered that AS significantly shapes the UGT transcriptome, with variants quantitatively representing up to 35% and 60% UGT transcripts in normal and tumoral tissues respectively. Novel distinctive in-frame sequences were present in 20% alternative transcripts, which potentially encode UGT isoforms with distinct structural and functional features. Conclusions: This work exposes the important quantitative and biological significance of alternative UGT expression likely creating unparalleled protein diversity evolving from enzymes to regulators of cell metabolism.
2019-05-30 | GSE82291 | GEO
Project description:Autophagy selectively degrades aggregation-prone misfolded proteins caused by defective cellular proteostasis. However, the complexity of autophagy may prevent the full appreciation of how its modulation could be used as a therapeutic strategy in disease management. Here we define a molecular pathway through which recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra, anakinra) affects cellular proteostasis independently from the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). Anakinra promoted H2O2-driven autophagy through a xenobiotic sensing pathway involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that, activated through the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1-kynurenine pathway, transcriptionally activates NADPH Oxidase 4 independent of the IL-1R1. By coupling the mitochondrial redox balance to autophagy, anakinra improved the dysregulated proteostasis network in murine and human cystic fibrosis. We anticipate that anakinra may represent a therapeutic option in addition to its IL-1R1 dependent anti-inflammatory properties by acting at the intersection of mitochondrial oxidative stress and autophagy with the capacity to restore conditions in which defective proteostasis leads to human disease.
2021-11-27 | GSE188809 | GEO
Project description:We examined the impact of Abca1 deficiency and APOE isoform expression on the response to TBI using 3-months-old, human APOE3+/+ (E3/Abca1+/+) and APOE4+/+ (E4/Abca1+/+) targeted replacement mice, and APOE3+/+ and APOE4+/+ mice with only one functional copy of the Abca1 gene (E3/Abca1+/-; E4/Abca1+/-). TBI-treated mice received a craniotomy followed by a controlled cortical impact (CCI) brain injury in the left hemisphere; sham-treated mice received the same surgical procedure without the impact. We performed RNA-seq using samples from cortices and hippocampi collected at 14 days post-injury, followed by genome-wide differential gene expression analysis.
2018-07-31 | GSE117223 | GEO
Project description:In contrast to considerable data demonstrating a decrease in cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity in inflammation and infection, clinically, traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in an increase in CYP and UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of TBI alone and with treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) or anakinra on the gene expression of hepatic inflammatory proteins, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and transporters in a cortical contusion impact (CCI) injury model. Microarray-based transcriptional profiling was used to determine the effect on gene expression at 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days post-CCI. Plasma cytokine and liver protein concentrations of CYP2D4, CYP3A1, EPHX1, and UGT2B7 were determined. There was no effect of TBI, TBI + EPO, or TBI + anakinra on gene expression of the inflammatory factors shown to be associated with decreased expression of hepatic metabolic enzymes in models of infection and inflammation. IL-6 plasma concentrations were increased in TBI animals and decreased with EPO and anakinra treatment. There was no significant effect of TBI and/or anakinra on gene expression of enzymes or transporters known to be involved in drug disposition. TBI + EPO treatment decreased the gene expression of Cyp2d4 at 72 h with a corresponding decrease in CYP2D4 protein at 72 h and 7 days. CYP3A1 protein was decreased at 24 h. In conclusion, EPO treatment may result in a significant decrease in the metabolism of Cyp-metabolized drugs. In contrast to clinical TBI, there was not a significant effect of experimental TBI on CYP or UGT metabolic enzymes.
| S-EPMC4540723 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in irreversible damage at the site of impact and initiates cellular and molecular processes that lead to secondary neural injury in the surrounding tissue. We used microarray analysis to determine which genes, pathways and networks were significantly altered using a rat model of TBI. Adult rats received a unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) and were sacrificed 24h post-injury. The ipsilateral hemi-brain tissue at the site of the injury, the corresponding contralateral hemi-brain tissue, and naM-CM-/ve (control) brain tissue were used for microarray analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to identify molecular pathways and networks that were associated with the altered gene expression in brain tissues following TBI. Results Inspection of the top fifteen biological functions in IPA associated with TBI in the ipsilateral tissues revealed that all had an inflammatory component. IPA analysis also indicated that inflammatory genes were altered on the contralateral side, but many of the genes were inversely expressed compared to the ipsilateral side. The contralateral gene expression pattern suggests a remote anti-inflammatory molecular response. We created a network of the inversely expressed common (i.e., same gene changed on both sides of the brain) inflammatory response (IR) genes and those IR genes included in pathways and networks identified by IPA that changed on only one side. We ranked the genes by the number of direct connections each had in the network, creating a gene interaction hierarchy (GIH). Two well characterized signaling pathways, toll-like receptor/NF-kappaB signaling and JAK/STAT signaling, were prominent in our GIH. Conclusions Bioinformatic analysis of microarray data following TBI identified key molecular pathways and networks associated with neural injury following TBI. The GIH created here provides a starting point for investigating therapeutic targets in a ranked order that is somewhat different than what has been presented previously. In addition to being a vehicle for identifying potential targets for post-TBI therapeutic strategies, our findings can also provide a context for evaluating the potential of therapeutic agents currently in development. The ipsilateral hemi-brain tissue at the site of the injury, the corresponding contralateral hemi-brain tissue, and naM-CM-/ve (control) brain tissue (n=3 for each) were used for RNA isolation. The TBI injured animals were Todd 1, 2 Todd, and Todd 3, each yielding an ispilateral and contralateral sample. The naM-CM-/ve animals were Xu 13 control, Xu 2 control, and Xu 6 control.
2013-04-12 | E-GEOD-45997 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Efficacious stem cell-based therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) depend on successful delivery, migration, and engraftment of stem cells to induce neuroprotection. L-myc expressing human neural stem cells (LMNSC008) demonstrate an inherent tropism to injury sites after intranasal (IN) administration. We hypothesize that IN delivered LMNSC008 cells migrate to primary and secondary injury sites and modulate biomarkers associated with neuroprotection and tissue regeneration. To test this, immunocompetent adult female rats received a controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) or sham surgery. LMNSC008 cells or a vehicle (VEH) were administered IN on postoperative days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. The distribution and migration of eGFP-expressing LMNSC008 cells were quantified over 1 mm-thick optically cleared (CLARITY) coronal brain sections from TBI and SHAM controls. NSC migration was observed along white matter tracts projecting toward the hippocampus and regions of TBI. ELISA and Nanostring assays revealed a shift in tissue gene expression in LMNSC008 treated rats relative to controls. LMNSC008 treatment reduced expression of genes and pathways involved in inflammatory response, microglial function, and various cytokines and receptors. The data demonstrate a robust proof-of-concept for LMNSC008 therapy for TBI and provides a strong rationale for IN delivery for translation in TBI patients. NanoString RNAseq sample preparation and data acquisition
2024-02-29 | GSE242031 | GEO