Combined inhibition of TGFβ and PDGF signaling attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE65011 | GEO | 2015/01/15
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA272714
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:To investigate effects on mRNA expression in mouse lung tissue through treatment with Ly, Su, Imatinib, irradiation and combinations of them. mRNA expression was measured 24 days after irradiation. 2 biological replicates were analyzed for each treatment condition (control, Ly, Imatinib, Su, Ly+Imatinib, Ly+Su, Irradiation, Irradiation+Ly, Irradiation+Imatinib, Irradiation+Su, Irradiation+Ly+Imatinib, Irradiation+Ly+Su)
2015-01-15 | E-GEOD-65011 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background : Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay for the treatment of lung cancer, but the effective dose is often limited by the development of radiation-induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) play crucial roles in the development of these diseases, but the effects of dual growth factor inhibition on pulmonary fibrosis development remain unclear. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were treated with 20 Gy to the thorax to induce pulmonary fibrosis. PDGF receptor inhibitors SU9518 and SU14816 (imatinib) and TGFβ receptor inhibitor galunisertib were applied individually or in combinations after RT. Lung density and septal fibrosis were measured by high-resolution CT and MRI. Lung histology and gene expression analyses were performed and Osteopontin levels were studied. Results : Treatment with SU9518, SU14816 or galunisertib individually attenuated radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and decreased radiological and histological signs of lung damage. Combining PDGF and TGFβ inhibitors showed to be feasible and safe in a mouse model, and dual inhibition significantly attenuated radiation-induced lung damage and extended mouse survival compared to blockage of either pathway alone. Gene expression analysis of irradiated lung tissue showed upregulation of PDGF and TGFβ-dependent signaling components by thoracic irradiation, and upregulation patterns show crosstalk between downstream mediators of the PDGF and TGFβ pathways. Conclusion : Combined small-molecule inhibition of PDGF and TGFβ signaling is a safe and effective treatment for radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice and may offer a novel approach for treatment of fibrotic lung diseases in humans. Translational statement : RT is an effective treatment modality for cancer with limitations due to acute and chronic toxicities, where TGFβ and PDGF play a key role. Here, we show that a combined inhibition of TGFβ and PDGF signaling is more effective in attenuating radiation-induced lung damage compared to blocking either pathway alone. We used the TGFβ-receptor I inhibitor galunisertib, an effective anticancer compound in preclinical models and the PDGFR inhibitors imatinib and SU9518, a sunitinib analog. Our signaling data suggest that the reduction of TGFβ and PDGF signaling and the attenuation of SPP1 (Osteopontin) expression may be responsible for the observed benefits. With the clinical availability of similar compounds currently in phase-I/II trials as cancer therapeutics or already approved for certain cancers or idiopathic lung fibrosis (IPF), our study suggests that the combined application of small molecule inhibitors of TGFβ and PDGF signaling may offer a promising approach to treat radiation-associated toxicity in RT of lung cancer.
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Project description:The aim of the measurements was to investigate RNA damage and RNA-protein crosslinks (RPC) formation in the context of aldehyde-induced toxicity. For this, a photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking (PAR-CL) strategy using 4-thiouridine (4-SU) and UVA-radiation was used. The submitted dataset contains data from LC-MS/MS measurements of crosslinks between proteins and poly-adenylated mRNAs (mRPCs). The measurements included the following six samples sets: Sample set 1 (9 runs = 3 conditions in 3 replicates): RPCs after formaldehyde (FA) and 4-SU + UVA treatment isolated using the protein-x-linked RNA extraction (XRNAX) protocol (doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.004) Conditions: RPCs from untreated HAP1 =Ctrl RPCs from HAP1 treated with FA RPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU + UVA Sample set 2 (12 runs = 4 conditions in 3 replicates): mRPCs after 4-SU + UVA treatment using poly-A pulldown Conditions: mRPCs from untreated HAP1=Ctrl mRPCs from HAP1 treated with UVA but without 4-SU (0h after irradiation) mRPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU but without UVA mRPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU + UVA (0h after irradiation) Sample set 3 (24 runs = 6 conditions in 4 replicates): mRPCs after 4-SU + UVA and Ub-E1i treatment using poly-A pulldown Conditions: mRPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU + UVA (0h, 0.5h and 1h after irradiation) mRPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU + UVA and Ub-E1i (0h, 0.5h and 1h after irradiation) Sample set 4 (24 runs = 6 conditions in 4 replicates): mRPCs after 4-SU + UVA and MG132 treatment isolated using poly-A pulldown Conditions: mRPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU + UVA (0h, 0.5h and 1h after irradiation) mRPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU + UVA and MG132 (0h, 0.5h and 1h after irradiation) Sample set 5 (24 runs = 6 conditions in 4 replicates): mRPCs after 4-SU + UVA and ANS treatment using isolated poly-A pulldown Conditions: mRPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU + UVA (0h, 0.5h and 1h after irradiation) mRPCs from HAP1 treated with 4-SU + UVA and ANS (0h, 0.5h and 1h after irradiation) Sample set 6 (24 runs = 6 conditions in 4 replicates ): mRPCs after 4-SU+UVA in AAVS1 control and RNF14 KO cells using poly-A pulldown mRPCs from HAP1 AAVS1 control cells (clone #6) treated with 4-SU+UVA (0h, 0.5h and 1h after irradiation) mRPCs from HAP1 RNF15 KO cells (clone #15) treated with 4-SU+UVA (0h, 0.5h and 1h after irradiation) Abbreviations: 4-SU: 4-thiouridine ANS: Anisomycine, a translation elongation inhibitor FA: Formaldehyde MG132: proteasome-inhibitor mRPCs: crosslinks between proteins and poly-adenylated mRNAs isolated by Poly-A pulldown RPCs: crosslinks between proteins and RNA isolated by XRNAX Ub-E1i: ubiquitin E1 inhibitor (E1i, TAK-243) UVA: Ultraviolet A
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Project description:Radiation therapy has been used to treat over 70% of thoracic cancer; however, the method usually causes radiation pneumonitis. In the current study, we investigated the radioprotective effects of HSP27 inhibitor (J2) on radiation-induced lung inflammation in comparison to amifostine. In gross and histological findings, J2 treatment significantly inhibited immune cell infiltration in lung tissue, revealing anti-inflammatory potential of J2. Normal lung volume, evaluated by micro-CT analysis, in J2-treated mice was higher compared to that in irradiated mice. J2-treated mice reversed radiation-induced respiratory distress. However, amifostine did not show significant radioprotective effects in comparison to that of J2. In HSP27 transgenic mice, we observed increased immune cells recruitment and decreased volume of normal lung compared to wild type mice. Increased ROS production and oxidative stress after IR were down-regulated by J2 treatment, demonstrating antioxidant property of J2. The entire data of this study collectively showed that J2 may be an effective therapeutic agent for radiation-induced lung injury.
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Project description:Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and cancer pathophysiology share common signal transduction pathways leading to abnormal endothelial and smooth muscle cell interactions and angioproliferative vasculopathy. Sorafenib (Sor) a drug in clinical trials for cancer treatment, is an inhibitor of multiple kinases important in angiogenesis (Raf-1 kinase, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-ï¢)ï©. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of Sor as a potential therapy for PH, and hypothesized that Sor prevents the development of both a conventional and an augmented rodent model of PH. We performed studies in Dahl Salt-Sensitive rats (SS) exposed to hypoxia alone and in combination with the VEGFR-2 inhibitor, SU5416, known to induce a well-characterized augmented PH phenotype. Rats were, thus, divided into 5 groups: normoxia/vehicle (Norm), hypoxia/vehicle (H), hypoxia/ SU5416 (H-SU), hypoxia/Sorafenib (H-Sor) and hypoxia/ SU5416/ Sorafenib (H-SU-Sor). Except for the Norm group, all rats were maintained in a hypoxia chamber with a FiO2 of 10%. Rats received a single injection of SU5416 on Day 1 (20 mg/kg) and Sor solution was administered daily by gavage (2.5mg/kg). After 3.5 weeks, all rats were assessed by open chest catheterizations for pulmonary vascular and right ventricular pressures. Lung and heart tissue were harvested for histological and microarray analyses. Our results showed H-SU rats developed severe PH with changes in hemodynamic and histologic parameters when compared to Norm controls while rats exposed to H alone only displayed mildly elevated pressures compared with Norm. There was no significant change in pressures in the H-Sor or H-SU-Sor compared to Norm. Histopathology demonstrated a dramatic prevention of the PH phenotype in the H-SU-Sor rats with no significant remodeling compared with H-SU rats. Expression profiling data from H (n=4) and H-SU (n=3) rat lungs were compared to Norm (n=4) using normalization in R and SAM (δ>.639,) (minimum fold change >1.4). With false discovery rates (FDR) of 6.5% in hypoxia and 1.6% in H-SU, 1019 and 465 genes, respectively, were differentially-regulated compared to Norm. In addition, 38 genes were differentially expressed between H-SU and H-SU-Sor (n=4, FDR 6.7%) revealing a molecular signature with potentially novel target genes of Sor. Five differentially expressed genes (Tgfï¢3, C1qg, Nexn, Frzb, and Plaur) were examined by real-time RT-PCR and three were further validated by immunohistochemistry confirming the regulation on protein level. Based on the known pathways of hypoxic-induced PH and Sor, we further utilized immunohistochemistry to show the up-regulation of mediators of the MAPK cascade in the H and H-SU models of PH with subsequent, down-regulation by Sor. We therefore present Sor as a novel treatment for the development of severe PH and theorize that the MAPK cascade is a canonical pathway involved both in the development of PH and in the attenuation by Sor. Experiment Overall Design: Rats were divided into 5 groups of which 4 groups were analyzed by microarrays: normoxia/vehicle (n=4), hypoxia/vehicle (n=4), hypoxia/ SU5416 (n=3), and hypoxia/ SU5416/ Sorafenib (n=4). RNA was harvested from lung tissue at 3.5 weeks.Expression profiling data from H and H-SU rat lungs were compared to Norm using normalization in R and SAM (δ>.639,) (minimum fold change >1.4). With false discovery rates (FDR) of 6.5% in hypoxia and 1.6% in H-SU, 1019 and 465 genes, respectively, were differentially-regulated compared to Norm. In addition, 38 genes were differentially expressed between H-SU and H-SU-Sor (FDR 6.7%) revealing a molecular signature with potentially novel target genes of Sor.
2008-06-16 | E-GEOD-8132 | biostudies-arrayexpress