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The Landscape of Antisense Gene Expression in Human Cancers [II]

ABSTRACT: High throughput RNA sequencing has revealed pervasive transcription of human genome than previously anticipated. However, the extent of natural antisense transcripts (NATs) expression, their regulation of cognate sense genes, and the role of NATs in cancer remain poorly understood. Here, we use strand-specific paired-end RNA sequencing (ssRNASeq) data from 376 cancer patients covering 9 tissue types to comprehensively characterize the landscape of antisense expression. We found consistent antisense expression in at least 38% of annotated transcripts, which in general is positively correlated with sense gene expression. Investigations of sense/antisense pair expression across tissue types revealed lineage-specific, ubiquitous and cancer-specific antisense loci transcription. Comparisons between tumor and normal samples identified both concordant (same direction) and discordant (opposite direction) sense/antisense expression patterns. Finally, we provide oncoNAT, a catalog of cancer related genes with significant antisense transcription, which will enable future investigations of sense/antisense regulation in cancer. Using oncoNAT we identified several functional NATs, including NKX2-1-AS that regulates the NKX2-1 oncogene and cell proliferation in lung cancer cells. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive account of NATs and supports a role for NATs regulation of tumor suppressors and oncogenes in cancer biology.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE66728 | GEO | 2015/05/28

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Natural Antisense Transcripts (NATs) can regulate gene expression by virtue of their ability to form double-stranded RNA duplexes. To investigate NATs in the maize transcriptome, cDNAs from seedling of two inbred lines (B73 and Mo17) were hybridized to an oligonucleotide microarray designed to validate the expression of in silico detected NATs and to screen for NATs that can anneal to a random set of 3â UTRs and selected repeats found in 3â UTRs regions. Quantitative Real-Time PCR experiments were conducted to determine the minimum detection threshold of microarray experiment and to thereby identify genes for which both sense and antisense transcripts accumulate to detectable levels. Two independent approaches, strand-specific RT-PCR and S1 nuclease assays were conducted to validate the results of the microarray experiment. Based on these conservative assays, NATs accumulate in seedlings that can anneal to over 70% of a random set of maize genes. In addition, both sense and antisense transcripts anneal to more than 80% of a set of maize repeats. Significantly, sense and antisense transcripts exhibit significant different expression patterns between the two genotypes. Based on these findings we hypothesize that interactions between sense and antisense transcripts may contribute to the differential patterns of gene expression in maize hybrids and to heterosis. Keywords: Global antisense transcripts profiling between two maize inbreds To systematically identify NATs in maize, we employed multiple strategies to computationally identify putative antisense transcripts from our partial genome assembly (MAGIs) and a collection of ESTs we sequenced with known sequence orientation. Additionally, we randomly sampled and surveyed maize UTRs which often harbor transposons. Strand-specific oligonucleotides which can hybridize to the antisense strand were designed and spotted with together with the oligonucleotides hybridizing sense strands on a custom, strand-specific oligoarray, providing the first global expression profiling study of NATs in maize UTRs. In total, 10 biological replication were conducted to compare the global gene expression profiles between two maize genotypes (B73 and Mo17).

Project description:Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically widespread human malaria parasite causing approximately 130-435 million infections annually. It is an economic burden in many parts of the world and poses a public health challenge along with the other Plasmodium sp. The biology of this parasite is very little understood. Emerging evidences of severe complications due to infections by this parasite provides an impetus to focus research on the same. Investigating this parasite directly from the infected patients is the most feasible way to study its biology and any pathogenic mechanisms which may exist. Gene expression studies of this parasite directly obtained from the patients has provided evidence of gene regulation resulting in varying amount of transcript levels in the different blood stages. However, the mechanisms regulating gene expression in malaria parasites are not well understood. Discovery of natural antisense transcripts (NATs) in P. falciparum has suggested that these might play an important role in regulating gene expression. We report here the genome-wide occurrence of NATs in P. vivax parasites from patients with differing clinical symptoms. A total of 1348 NATs against annotated gene loci have been detected using a custom designed strand specific microarray. Majority of NATs identified from this study shows positive correlation with the expression pattern of the sense transcript. Our data also shows condition specific expression patterns of varying S and AS transcript levels. Genes with AS transcripts enrich to various biological processes. This is the first report detailing the presence of NATs from clinical isolates of P. vivax. The data suggests differential regulation of gene expression in diverse clinical conditions and would lead to future detailed investigations of genome regulation. Plasmodium vivax isolates were collected from patients (n = 8) with differing clinical conditions.The patients exhibited symptoms categorized as un-complicated (n =1) or complicated malaria (n = 7). Criteria for determination of complicated disease were based on World Health Organization year 2010 guidelines. Microarray array based transcriptional profiling was carried out to detect prevalence of natural antisense transcripts.

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The Landscape of Antisense Gene Expression in Human Cancers [II]

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