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Vitamin A and arachidonic acid altered the skeletal mineralization in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua) without any interactions on the transcriptional level

ABSTRACT: The main object of this study was to evaluate the impact of different levels of vitamin A (VA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) in relation to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on mineralization and gene expression in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua). A two-way factorial design was used to identify possible interactions between the nutrients. First-feeding larvae were fed enriched rotifers from start-feeding until 29 days post hatch (dph). Larvae in four tanks were fed one of the following diets: control (EPA/ARA ratio: 15.8, 0.9 µg VA g-1 wet wt.), control+VA (EPA/ARA ratio: 15.8, 7.8 µg VA g-1 wet wt.), High ARA (EPA/ARA ratio: 0.9, 1.5 µg VA g-1 wet wt.) or High ARA +VA (EPA/ARA ratio: 0.9, 12.0 µg VA g-1 wet wt.). There was no difference in survival (33-40%) between the groups. Larvae fed High ARA+VA were shorter at 29 dph. The larvae fed High ARA+VA had significantly less mineralized bones, showing significant interaction effects between VA and ARA. Although transcriptomic analysis using a custom-made microarray did not reveal any interaction effects, it was found that high ARA diets altered the transcription of more genes than control +VA diets. Furthermore, blgap1 , blgap2 and col10a1 were all down-regulated in larvae fed High ARA-diets and to a lesser extent by Control +VA diet. Lower expression in the High ARA+VA diets compared to ARA and VA diets indicated an additive effect on mineralization. In conclusion, this study showed that the dietary increase in ARA and VA altered the skeletal metabolism during larval A. cod development, most likely through signaling pathways specific for each nutrient rather than an interaction. The present study also demonstrates that VA could affect the larval response to ARA, even within the accepted non-toxic/non-deficient range.

ORGANISM(S): Gadus morhua

PROVIDER: GSE66964 | GEO | 2015/03/17

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA278505

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce inflammation via a range of mechanisms. This study tested the effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on intestinal inflammation using interleukin-10 gene-deficient (Il10-/-) mice. Methods: At 35 days of age, 12 weaned Il10-/- and 12 C57 mice were randomly assigned to one of two modified AIN-76A diets, supplemented with 3.7% purified ethyl esters of either EPA (n-3) or oleic acid (OA, control). To identify genes relevant to colon inflammation, transcription profiling (microarrays and qRT-PCR) and bioinformatic analyses were used. Results: In this study, dietary EPA reversed the decrease in colon fatty acid Î²-oxidation gene expression observed in OA-fed Il10-/- compared to C57 mice. Il10-/- mice fed the OA diet showed decreased expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, as well as those involved in detoxification of xenobiotics, compared to C57 mice on the same diet. In contrast, dietary EPA increased the expression of these genes in Il10-/- mice. Conclusions: These data indicate that dietary EPA induced endogenous lipid oxidation which might have a potential anti-inflammatory effect on colon tissue. This is supported by the activation of the Ppara gene that regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory genes and proteins. Experiment Overall Design: The diet abbreviations EPA, OA, AA and CO used in the sample records Experiment Overall Design: refer to the following : Experiment Overall Design: CO : AIN-76A (control) Experiment Overall Design: OA : AIN-76A (fat-free) + 1% corn oil + 3.7% oleic acid Experiment Overall Design: EPA : AIN-76A (fat-free) + 1% corn oil + 3.7% eicosapentaenoic acid Experiment Overall Design: AA : AIN-76A (fat-free) + 1% corn oil + 3.7% arachidonic acid Experiment Overall Design: Corn oil was supplemented with purified linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid to meet the nutritional requirements of mice for these essential fatty acids. Diets fed for 6 weeks.

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Vitamin A and arachidonic acid altered the skeletal mineralization in Atlantic cod larvae (Gadus morhua) without any interactions on the transcriptional level

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