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Expression Data from Allogeneic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Primary Cultures of Human Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells

ABSTRACT: Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe syndrome affecting more than 200,000 patients annually in the U.S. New studies are needed to understand the biological and clinical mechanisms that impair alveolar epithelial function. Also, innovative therapies are needed for the resolution of pulmonary edema in ARDS. We and other investigators have reported that bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective in preclinical models of ALI due to their ability to secrete several paracrine factors that can regulate lung endothelial and epithelial permeability, including growth factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides. So in this study we will test the therapeutic value of human MSCs in an in vitro model of acute lung injury induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. We will identify differentially expressed genes in primary cultures of human alveolar epithelial type II cells and human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells using Affymetrix gene expression arrays.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE68610 | GEO | 2015/07/08

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA283317

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory process of the lungs characterized by increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane with subsequent interstitial/alveolar edema and diffuse alveolar damage. ALI/ARDS can be the results of either direct or indirect lung injury, with pneumonia being the most common direct pulmonary insult and sepsis the most common extra-pulmonary cause. In this study, we employed the murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced direct and indirect lung injury model to explore the pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary ARDS, using an unbiased, discovery and quantitative proteomic approach. A total of 1,017 proteins were both identified and quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from control, intratracheal LPS (I.T. LPS, 0.1 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal LPS (I.P. LPS, 5 mg/kg) treated mice. The two LPS groups shared 13 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated proteins compared to the control group. Among them, molecules related to bronchial and type II alveolar epithelial cell functions including cell adhesion molecule 1 and surfactant protein B were reduced, whereas lactotransferrin and resistin like alpha involved in lung innate immunity were upregulated in both LPS groups. Proteomic profiling also identified significant differences in BALF proteins between I.T. and I.P. LPS groups. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that acute-phase response signaling was activated by both I.T. and I.P. LPS, however, the magnitude of activation is much greater in I.T. LPS group compared to I.P. LPS group. Intriguingly, two canonical signaling pathways, liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor activation and the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, were activated by I.T. LPS but suppressed by I.P. LPS. In addition, CXCL15 (also known as lungkine) was also up-regulated by I.T LPS but down-regulated by I.P. LPS. In conclusion, our quantitative discovery-based proteomic approach identified commonalities as well as significant differences in BALF protein expression profiles in LPS-induced direct and indirect lung injury, and importantly, LPS-induced indirect lung injury results in suppression of select components of lung innate immunity, which could contribute to the so-called “immunoparalysis” in sepsis patients.

Project description:Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by acute respiratory failure in the setting of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients and contributes significantly to mortality of critically illness. The main goal of our study is to elucidate the role of miRNAs in neutrophil-epithelial communication during pulmonary inflammation and thereby identifying novel targets for therapy of acute lung injury (ALI). In our studies we identified a miR-223-dependent neutrophil-epithelial crosstalk during ALI. Activated neutrophils (PMN) and pulmonary epithelial cells come into a close spatial relationship during ALI. And, since previous studies had indicated the possibility that inflammatory cell-dependent release of miRNA-containing microvesicles could function as a means of exchanging genetic information from a donor to a target cell, we assessed PMN-elicited alterations of pulmonary epithelial miRNA expression in an experimental co-culture setup. This approach provided a selective and extremely robust readout: While other miRNAs were not or only moderately altered in their expression, pulmonary-epithelial-expressed miR-223 was significantly induced after 4 or 6h of co-incubation. Additional in vitro and in vivo studies clearly demonstrate that this increase of epithelial miR-223 is not due to miR-223 transcriptional induction, but instead PMN-dependent and caused by shuttling miR-223 from PMN into pulmonary epithelial cells. To address the functional role of miR-223-dependent neutrophil-epithelial crosstalk during ALI, we exposed mice to ventilator-induced ALI and observed robust induction of pulmonary miR-223 during ALI, while increases of miR-223 were completely abolished after antibody-depletion of PMN. Moreover, studies of alveolar epithelial cells isolated from mice with ALI showed robust increases of miR-223, indicating that miR-223 is shuttled from PMN towards alveolar epithelia during ALI in vivo. Functional studies revealed that gene-targeted mice for miR-223 experience a more severe phenotype during ALI as compared to controls, while their phenotype could be resuscitated by nanoparticle-mediated overexpression of miR-223 in the lungs. In summary, these studies reveal a novel role of miR-223-dependent neutrophil-epithelial crosstalk representing an anti-inflammatory pathway that can be targeted for ALI treatment.

Project description:Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)/ Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a syndrome defined by the presence of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph, a known clinical risk factor (e.g. sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, gastric fluid aspiration, pancreatitis, massive transfusion), and the absence of physiologic or clinical evidence of congestive heart failure. The Identification of SNPs Predisposing to Altered ALI Risk (iSPAAR) study is a multi-institutional cooperative study, funded through the NHLBI Recovery Act, that assembled samples and phenotype information from existing cohorts. The consortium included samples from patients with ARDS from the NIH NHLBI ARDS Clinical Trials Network (ARDSNet). Samples were obtained from 3 interventional treatment trials in patients with ARDS, including the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT), the Albuterol to Treat Acute Lung Injury (ALTA) trial, and the Omega-3 Fatty Acid/Antioxidant Supplementation for ALI trial (Omega). In addition to ARDSnet samples, samples from the other cohorts included cases of established ARDS but also controls: critically ill patients who were at-risk for ARDS but who did not develop ARDS during their hospital course. These cohorts included the Molecular Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Distress (MEA) Study enrolled at the Harvard University/Massachusetts General Hospital, the Systemic Inflammatory Immune Response Syndrome (SIRS) Patient Database and ICU Traumatic Injury cohorts from Harborview Medical Center, and cohorts collected from the ALI research programs at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California, San Francisco. The Cohort is utilized in the following dbGaP sub-studies. To view genotypes, other molecular data, and derived variables collected in these sub-studies, please click on the following sub-studies below or in the "Sub-studies" box located on the right hand side of this top-level study page <a href="study.cgi?study_id=phs000631">phs000631</a> ARDSnet iSPAAR Consortium. <ul> <li><a href="study.cgi?study_id=phs000334">phs000334</a> ESP_LungGO_ALI </li> <li><a href="study.cgi?study_id=phs000686">phs000686</a> ALI_GeneticRisk </li> </ul>

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Expression Data from Allogeneic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Primary Cultures of Human Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells

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