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The GATA transcription factor gene gtaG is required for terminal differentiation in Dictyostelium.

ABSTRACT: The GATA transcription factor GtaG is conserved in Dictyostelids and essential for terminal differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum, but its function is not well understood. Here we show that gtaG is expressed in prestalk cells at the anterior region of fingers and in the extending stalk during culmination. The gtaG- phenotype is cell-autonomous in prestalk cells and non-cell-autonomous in prespore cells. Transcriptome analyses reveal that GtaG regulates prestalk gene expression during cell differentiation before culmination and is required for progression into culmination. GtaG-dependent genes include genetic suppressors of the Dd-STATa-defective phenotype as well as Dd-STATa target-genes, including extra cellular matrix genes. We show that GtaG may be involved in the production of two culmination-signaling molecules, cyclic di-GMP and the spore differentiation factor SDF-1 and that addition of c-di-GMP rescues the gtaG- culmination and spore formation deficiencies. We propose that GtaG is a regulator of terminal differentiation that functions in concert with Dd-STATa and controls culmination through regulating c-di-GMP and SDF-1 production in prestalk cells.

ORGANISM(S): Dictyostelium discoideum

PROVIDER: GSE70558 | GEO | 2016/05/05

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA289010

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Bacterial lifestyles are dictated by the conditions encountered during colonization of a specific ecological niche or host. A wide range of environmental stimuli triggers sensory modules, that modify activity of proteins, or/and initiate a transfer of information in complex regulatory networks, which modulate gene expression, and therefore adaptation. The transition between planktonic and biofilm growth is dependent on the homeostasis of the intracellular second messenger c-di-GMP. High c-di-GMP levels driven by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) activity favor biofilm while low levels maintained by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes encourage planktonic style or biofilm dispersal. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa over 40 PDE/DGC are involved in c-di-GMP homeostasis, including 16 dual enzymes possessing both canonical DGC and PDE motifs, i.e. GGDEF and EAL, respectively. It has been previously reported that the deletion of the PDE/DGC dual enzyme PA0285, one of 5 c-di-GMP-related enzymes conserved across all Pseudomonas species, impacts biofilms and causes elevated c-di-GMP levels in P. aeruginosa. Here we confirm that this role is conserved in various P. aeruginosa (PAO1, PA14 and PAK) and Pseudomonas putida strains. Deletion of PA0285 has the highest impact during the early stage of surface colonization, and RNA-seq analysis in biofilm context indicates that it may be associated with upregulation of cupA fimbrial genes. We demonstrate that the C-terminal portion of PA0285 encompassing the GGDEF and EAL domains binds the respective GTP (GGDEF) and c-di-GMP (EAL) substrates but only exhibits PDE activity in vitro. Both GGDEF and EAL domains are important for PA0285 PDE activity in vivo as suggested by site-directed mutants in each of the key motifs. Complementation of the PA0285 mutant strain with the C-terminal GGDEF/EAL portion in trans is not as effective as with the full-length gene suggesting that the transmembrane region and PAS domains contained in PA0285’s N-terminal portion influence its PDE activity in vivo. We speculate that the transmembrane portion or/and PAS domains of PA0285 impede its PDE activity in vivo through modulating the conformation of the enzyme, as shown for P. aeruginosa RbdA, in response to an unknown stimulus.

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The GATA transcription factor gene gtaG is required for terminal differentiation in Dictyostelium.

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